RT Journal Article
T1 Association Between Physical Activity and Adherence to Nutritional Recommendations in Individuals with Diabetes: Analysis of Self-Reported Data from the 2020 European Health Survey in Spain
A1 Llamas Saez, Carlos
A1 Jiménez García, Rodrigo
A1 Zeng Zhang, Luyi
A1 Zamorano León, José Javier
A1 Cuadrado Corrales, María Natividad
A1 Carabantes Alarcón, David
A1 Bodas Pinedo, Andrés
A1 López De Andrés, Ana Isabel
A1 Jiménez Sierra, Ana
A1 Serra Paya, Noemí
AB Background/Objectives: This study compares dietary and physical activity (PA) habits between Spanish adults with and without diabetes and analyzes the association between PA, sociodemographic variables, and adherence to nutritional recommendations among individuals with diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted using data from the 2020 European Health Survey for Spain (EESE). Diabetes and PA levels were self-reported. Each participant with diabetes was matched with a control without diabetes by age, gender, and region of residence. Food intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and adherence to nutritional guidelines was evaluated based on the recommendations of the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition. The PA levels were classified as "sedentary/low" or "moderate/high". Results: A total of 2053 matched pairs were analyzed. The participants with diabetes adhered to significantly more nutritional recommendations than those without diabetes (6.19 vs. 5.30; p < 0.001). However, 88.6% of the individuals with diabetes reported sedentary or low PA levels. Among those with diabetes, women showed better adherence to nutritional recommendations, while men reported higher PA levels. Moderate/high PA was associated with greater adherence to nutritional recommendations (OR 1.991; 95% CI: 1.201-3.146). Older age was also positively associated with adherence. Conclusions: Although individuals with diabetes demonstrated better adherence to nutritional recommendations than controls, most reported low PA levels. Higher PA levels, female gender, and older age were linked to greater adherence to nutritional recommendations among people with diabetes. However, the use of self-reported data made it impossible to judge whether the participants under- or over-reported their PA levels and diabetes status. Public health strategies should aim to promote both PA and healthy eating habits in this population.
PB MDPI
SN 2072-6643
YR 2025
FD 2025
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/122428
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/122428
LA eng
NO Llamas-Saez, C., Jiménez-García, R., Zeng-Zhang, L., Zamorano-León, J. J., Cuadrado-Corrales, N., Carabantes-Alarcón, D., Bodas-Pinedo, A., López-de-Andrés, A., Jimenez-Sierra, A., & Serra-Paya, N. (2025). Association Between Physical Activity and Adherence to Nutritional Recommendations in Individuals with Diabetes: Analysis of Self-Reported Data from the 2020 European Health Survey in Spain. Nutrients, 17(8), 1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17081382
NO Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias—Health Research FundFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, “Una manera de hacer Europa”)V PRICIT (Regional Programme of Research and Technological Innovation)Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología de las Enfermedades Crónicas de Alta Prevalencia en España (970970)Grupo de Investigación en Biomedicina Predictiva e Investigación Traslacional en las Enfermedades Respiratorias, Cardiovasculares y Metabólicas
NO Instituto de Salud Carlos III
NO European Commission
NO Comunidad de Madrid
NO Universidad Complutense de Madrid
DS Docta Complutense
RD 17 dic 2025