RT Journal Article T1 Dynamic programming revisited: a generalized formalism for arbitrary ray trajectories in inhomogeneous optical media with radial dependence A1 Calvo Padilla, María Luisa A1 Pérz Ríos, Jesús AB We present a formalism based upon dynamic programming (DP), to characterize light propagation in particular GRIN (gradient index) media by analyzing ray trajectories associated with skew-type rays. We study the conditions for the formation of periodic trajectories and stability of the system. We perform a comparative study with the classical formalism based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The DP formalism allows representation in phase (momentum) space. PB IOP Publishing Ltd. SN 1464-4258 YR 2009 FD 2009-12 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/44185 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/44185 LA eng NO © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd.The financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Grant TEC2008-04125 and CAM-CG-300 is acknowledged. One of us (JPR) acknowledges the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) for the grant accorded (JAE-pre Fellowship). We are indebted to V. Lakshminarayanan for helpful suggestions and discussions. NO Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), España NO Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), España DS Docta Complutense RD 30 dic 2025