RT Journal Article T1 Dynamic programming revisited: a generalized formalism for arbitrary ray trajectories in inhomogeneous optical media with radial dependence A1 Calvo Padilla, María Luisa A1 Pérz Ríos, Jesús AB We present a formalism based upon dynamic programming (DP), to characterize light propagation in particular GRIN (gradient index) media by analyzing ray trajectories associated with skew-type rays. We study the conditions for the formation of periodic trajectories and stability of the system. We perform a comparative study with the classical formalism based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The DP formalism allows representation in phase (momentum) space. PB IOP Publishing Ltd. SN 1464-4258 YR 2009 FD 2009-12 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/44185 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/44185 LA eng NO [1] Bellman R E 1957 Dynamic Programming (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).[2] Lee C L and Dana R A 2003 Dynamic Programming in Economics (Berlin: Springer).[3] Joseph S and Lakshminarayanan V 2002 Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on Quantum Limits to the Second Law AIP Conf. Proc. 643 297.[4] Edd S R 2002 BMC Bioinform. 3 18.[5] Sieniutycz S 2009 Appl. Math. Mod. 33 1457.[6] Calvo M L and Lakshminarayanan V 1987 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14 872.[7] Calvo M L and Lakshminarayanan V 1999 Opt. Commun. 169 223.[8] Lakshminarayanan V, Ghatak A K and Thyagarajan K 2002 Lagrangian Optics (Dordrecht: Kluwer).[9] Kalaba R 1961 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 51 1150.[10] Brandstatter J J 1974 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64 317.[11] Sands P J 1983 Appl. Opt. 22 430.[12] Van Turnhout M and Bociort F 2009 Opt. Express 17 314.[13] Molloy J E and Padgett M J 2002 Contemp. Phys. 43 241.[14] Elsgoltz L 1996 Differential Equations and Variational Calculus (Russia: Mir) (in Spanish) The Lagrange-Sharpy method consists in transforming an initial equation in a Pfaff equation using an auxiliary scalar function Elsgoltz L 1962 Calculus of Variation (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley) (in English).[15] Migayi H and Taniguchi T 1981 IEE Proc. 128 117.[16] Bociort F and Kross J 1993 Proc. SPIE 1780 216.[17] Marchand E W 1972 Appl. Opt. 11 1104.[18] Luneburg R K 1964 Mathematical Theory of Optics (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press).[19] Kline M and Kay I W 1965 Electromagnetic Theory and Geometrical Optics (New York: Wiley-Interscience).[20] Miñano J C, Benítez P and Santamaría A 2006 Opt. Express 14 9083.[21] Press W H, Flannery B P, Teukolsky S A and Vetterling W T 1986 Numerical Recipes, The Art of Scientific Computing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).[22] José J V and Saletan E J 1998 Classical Dynamics: A Contemporary Approach (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).[23] Landau L and Lifschitz E 1994 Mechanics (Barcelona: Reverté) (Spanish edition).[24] Roberts M J 2003 Signals and Systems: Analysis of Signals Through Linear Systems (New York: McGraw-Hill Science Engineering).[25] See for example McNeillie F C, Thomsom J and Ruddock I S 2004 Eur. J. Phys. 25 479 ; Moore D T 1975 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65 451 ; Ghatak A K and Sauter E G 1989 Eur. J. Phys. 10 136[26] Moore D T 1993 Selected Papers on Gradient-Index Optics (SPIE Milestone Series vol MS67) (Bellingham, WA: SPIE Optical Engineering Press).[27] Gómez-Reino C, Pérez M V, Bao C and Flores-Arias M T 2008 Laser Photon. Rev. 2 203.[28] Murukeshan V M 2007 Biomedical fiber optics Optical Waveguides: From Theory to Applied Technologies ed M L Calvo and V Lakshminarayanan (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press) chapter 10. NO © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd.The financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Grant TEC2008-04125 and CAM-CG-300 is acknowledged. One of us (JPR) acknowledges the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) for the grant accorded (JAE-pre Fellowship). We are indebted to V. Lakshminarayanan for helpful suggestions and discussions. NO Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), España NO Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), España DS Docta Complutense RD 4 may 2024