RT Journal Article
T1 Observation of the Gamma-Ray Binary HESS J0632+057 with the HESS, MAGIC, and VERITAS Telescopes
A1 Nieto, D.
A1 Baquero Larriva, Orlando Andrés
A1 Barrio Uña, Juan Abel
A1 Contreras González, José Luis
A1 Fonseca González, María Victoria
A1 Hoang, Kim Dinh
A1 López Moya, Marcos
A1 Miener, Tjark
A1 Morcuende, D.
A1 Peñil Del Campo, Pablo
A1 Saha, Lab
AB The results of gamma-ray observations of the binary system HESS J0632 + 057 collected during 450 hr over 15 yr, between 2004 and 2019, are presented. Data taken with the atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS at energies above 350 GeV were used together with observations at X-ray energies obtained with Swift-XRT, Chandra, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and Suzaku. Some of these observations were accompanied by measurements of the H alpha emission line. A significant detection of the modulation of the very high-energy gamma-ray fluxes with a period of 316.7 +/- 4.4 days is reported, consistent with the period of 317.3 +/- 0.7 days obtained with a refined analysis of X-ray data. The analysis of data from four orbital cycles with dense observational coverage reveals short-timescale variability, with flux-decay timescales of less than 20 days at very high energies. Flux variations observed over a timescale of several years indicate orbit-to-orbit variability. The analysis confirms the previously reported correlation of X-ray and gamma-ray emission from the system at very high significance, but cannot find any correlation of optical H alpha parameters with fluxes at X-ray or gamma-ray energies in simultaneous observations. The key finding is that the emission of HESS J0632 + 057 in the X-ray and gamma-ray energy bands is highly variable on different timescales. The ratio of gamma-ray to X-ray flux shows the equality or even dominance of the gamma-ray energy range. This wealth of new data is interpreted taking into account the insufficient knowledge of the ephemeris of the system, and discussed in the context of results reported on other gamma-ray binary systems.
PB IOP Publishing
SN 0004-637X
YR 2021
FD 2021-12
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/4758
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/4758
LA eng
NO © 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Artículo firmado por 412 autores. The support of the Namibian authorities and of the University of Namibia in facilitating the construction and operation of H.E.S.S. is gratefully acknowledged, as is the support by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), the Max Planck Society, the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Helmholtz Association, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS/IN2P3 and CNRS/INSU), the Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA), the U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the National Science Centre, Poland grant no. 2016/22/M/ST9/00382, the South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, the University of Namibia, the National Commission on Research, Science & Technology of Namibia (NCRST), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), the Australian Research Council (ARC), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and the University of Amsterdam. We appreciate the excellent work of the technical support staff in Berlin, Zeuthen, Heidelberg, Palaiseau, Paris, Saclay, Tubingen, and Namibia in the construction and operation of the equipment. This work benefited from services provided by the H.E.S.S. Virtual Organisation, supported by the national resource providers of the EGI Federation.; The MAGIC collaboration would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF, MPG and HGF; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) (PID2019-104114RB-C31, PID2019-104114RB-C32, PID2019-104114RB-C33, PID2019-105510GB-C31,PID2019-107847RB-C41, PID2019-107847RB-C42, PID2019-107988GB-C22); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-268/16.12.2019 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" (SEV-2016-0588, CEX2019-000920-S), the Unidad de Excelencia "María de Maeztu" (CEX2019-000918-M, MDM-2015-0509-18-2), and the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya; by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02; by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3; the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382; and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ.; VERITAS is supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution, by NSERC in Canada, and by the Helmholtz Association in Germany. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and at the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument. This research used resources provided by the Open Science Grid, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, and resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.; D.F.T. acknowledges support by grants PGC2018-095512-B-I00, SGR2017-1383, and AYA2017-92402-EXP.; This research has made use of data obtained from the Chandra Data Archive and the Chandra Source Catalog; it has made use of data obtained from the Suzaku satellite, a collaborative mission between the space agencies of Japan (JAXA) and the USA (NASA); it is based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA; it made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and funded by the NASA.
NO Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)/FEDER
NO Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)
NO Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa
NO Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu
NO German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)
NO Max Planck Society Foundation CELLEX
NO German Research Foundation (DFG)
NO Helmholtz Association
NO Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
NO French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation
NO Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS/IN2P3)
NO Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS/INSU)
NO Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA) French Atomic Energy Commission
NO U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
NO Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
NO National Science Centre, Poland
NO South African Department of Science and Technology
NO National Research Foundation
NO National Commission on Research, Science & Technology of Namibia (NCRST)
NO Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research
NO Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
NO Australian Research Council (ARC)
NO Australian Research Council (ARC)
NO Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)
NO University of Amsterdam
NO German BMBF Federal Ministry of Education & Research
NO German HGF
NO Italian INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
NO Italian INAF Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF)
NO Swiss National Fund SNF Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
NO Indian Department of Atomic Energy
NO Japanese ICRR
NO Japanese University of Tokyo
NO Japanese JSPS Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
NO Japanese MEXT Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
NO Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project
NO Academy of Finland European Commission
NO CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya
NO Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project
NO University of Rijeka Project
NO DFG Collaborative Research Centers German Research Foundation (DFG)
NO Polish National Research Centre grant
NO Brazilian MCTIC
NO Brazilian CNPq Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico
NO Brazilian FAPERJ
NO U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science United States Department of Energy (DOE)
NO U.S. National Science Foundation
NO Smithsonian Institution
NO NSERC in Canada Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
NO Helmholtz Association in Germany
NO National Science Foundation
NO U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science United States Department of Energy (DOE)
NO National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility
NO ESA Member States European Space Agency
NO NASA National Aeronautics & Space Administration
DS Docta Complutense
RD 13 abr 2025