RT Journal Article
T1 Tears as a window to Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of biomarkers for early detection
A1 López Cuenca, Inés
A1 Masa Castro, Rubén
A1 Hoz Ruiz, Yael
A1 Sánchez-Puebla Fernández, Lidia
A1 Elvira Hurtado, María Lorena
A1 García Martín, Elena Salobrar
A1 Matamoros Felipe, José Antonio
A1 Fernández Albarral, José
A1 Leal Lassalle, Héctor
A1 Salazar Corral, Juan José
A1 Ramírez Sebastián, Ana Isabel
A1 Ramírez Sebastián, José Manuel
A1 Hoz Montañana, María Rosa De
AB Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta and tau proteins, leading to neuronal degeneration and brain atrophy. While cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers have advanced early AD diagnosis, these methods are invasive and costly. This systematic review investigates tears as a non-invasive, accessible source of AD biomarkers. Using tears, directly linked to the central nervous system, we can effectively detect proteins, microRNA (miRNA), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), reflecting neurodegenerative processes. Tear collection is cost effective and minimally stressful, allowing continuous biomarker monitoring across disease stages. This review highlights recent findings on specific proteins, miRNA, and EVs in tears of patients with AD, and examines tear collection and analysis methods. The potential of these techniques for early, accessible disease detection is emphasized. Further research is needed to standardize methods and validate biomarkers in larger cohorts, positioning tears as a valuable tool for early AD diagnosis and management.
PB Wiley
YR 2026
FD 2026-02
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/133782
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/133782
LA eng
NO López-Cuenca I, Masa-Castro R, Hoz-Ruiz Y, et al. Tears as a window to Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of biomarkers for early detection. Alzheimer's Dement. 2026; 18:e70268. https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70268
NO Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
NO Universidad Complutense de Madrid
DS Docta Complutense
RD 18 mar 2026