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Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in nine fields of activity to decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission (Spain, September 2020–May 2021) Barbeito, Inés Precioso, Daniel Sierra, María José Vegas Azcárate, Susana Fernández Balbuena, Sonia Vitoriano Villanueva, Begoña Goméz Ullate, David Cao, Ricardo Monge, Susana COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) Effectiveness Stringency index Logarithmic return Hierarchical models Enfermedades infecciosas Investigación operativa (Estadística) 1207 Investigación Operativa 3205.05 Enfermedades Infecciosas We estimated the association between the level of restriction in nine different fields of activity and SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility in Spain, from 15 September 2020 to 9 May 2021A stringency index (0–1) was created for each Spanish province daily. A hierarchical multiplicative model was fitted. The median of coefficients across provinces (95% bootstrap confidence intervals) quantified the effect of increasing one standard deviation in the stringency index over the logarithmic return of the weekly percentage variation of the 7-days SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence, lagged 12 days. Overall, increasing restrictions reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission by 22% (RR = 0.78; one-sided 95%CI: 0, 0.82) in 1 week, with highest effects for culture and leisure 14% (0.86; 0, 0.98), social distancing 13% (0.87; 0, 0.95), indoor restaurants 10% (0.90; 0, 0.95) and indoor sports 6% (0.94; 0, 0.98). In a reduced model with seven fields, culture and leisure no longer had a significant effect while ceremonies decreased transmission by 5% (0.95; 0, 0.96). Models was around 70%. Increased restrictions decreased COVID-19 transmission. Limitations include remaining collinearity between fields, and somewhat artificial quantification of qualitative restrictions, so the exact attribution of the effect to specific areas must be done with caution. Depto. de Estadística e Investigación Operativa Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas Instituto de Matemática Interdisciplinar (IMI) TRUE pub 2024-09-04T08:25:34Z 2024-09-04T08:25:34Z 2023 journal article AM https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/107891 2296-2565 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1061331 eng Barbeito, I., Precioso, D., Sierra, M. J., Vegas-Azcárate, S., Fernández Balbuena, S., Vitoriano, B., ... & Study Group for Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in Spain. Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in nine fields of activity to decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission (Spain, September 2020–May 2021). Frontiers in Public Health,2023; 11: 1061331. Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access application/pdf Frontiers Media