2026-06-07T18:59:09Zhttps://docta.ucm.es/rest/oai/request

oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/1124502025-03-18T12:11:47Zcom_20.500.14352_14col_20.500.14352_15

Bourqqia-Ramzi, Marwane Mansilla-Guardiola, Jesús Muñoz Rodríguez, David Quarta, Elisa Lombardo Hernandez, Juan Murciano Cespedosa, Antonio Conejero Meca, Francisco José Mateos González, Álvaro Geuna, Stefano García Esteban, María Teresa Herrera Rincón, Celia 2024-12-11T13:40:23Z 2024-12-11T13:40:23Z 2024 Bourqqia-Ramzi, M., Mansilla-Guardiola, J., Muñoz-Rodriguez, D., Quarta, E., Lombardo-Hernandez, J., Murciano-Cespedosa, A., Conejero-Meca, F. J., Mateos González, Á., Geuna, S., Garcia-Esteban, M. T., & Herrera-Rincon, C. (2024). From the Microbiome to the Electrome: Implications for the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(11), 6233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25116233 1661-6596 10.3390/ijms25116233 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/112450 1422-0067 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25116233 38892419 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/11/6233 The gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in metabolism, as well as the immune and nervous systems. Microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) can contribute to subsequent physical and mental pathologies. As such, interest has been growing in the microbiota–gut–brain brain axis and the bioelectrical communication that could exist between bacterial and nervous cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioelectrical profile (electrome) of two bacterial species characteristic of the gut microbiome: a Proteobacteria Gram-negative bacillus Escherichia coli (E. coli), and a Firmicutes Gram-positive coccus Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). We analyzed both bacterial strains to (i) validate the fluorescent probe bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol, DiBAC4(3), as a reliable reporter of the changes in membrane potential (Vmem) for both bacteria; (ii) assess the evolution of the bioelectric profile throughout the growth of both strains; (iii) investigate the effects of two neural-type stimuli on Vmem changes: the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate (Glu) and the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA); (iv) examine the impact of the bioelectrical changes induced by neurotransmitters on bacterial growth, viability, and cultivability using absorbance, live/dead fluorescent probes, and viable counts, respectively. Our findings reveal distinct bioelectrical profiles characteristic of each bacterial species and growth phase. Importantly, neural-type stimuli induce Vmem changes without affecting bacterial growth, viability, or cultivability, suggesting a specific bioelectrical response in bacterial cells to neurotransmitter cues. These results contribute to understanding the bacterial response to external stimuli, with potential implications for modulating bacterial bioelectricity as a novel therapeutic target. eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Attribution 4.0 International From the microbiome to the electrome: implications for the microbiota–gut–brain axis journal article