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Surviving in a multistressor world: gene expression changes in earthworms exposed to heat, desiccation, and chemicals Tilikj, Natasha De la Fuente, Mercedes Muñiz González, Ana Belén Martínez Guitarte, José Luis Novo Rodríguez, Marta 591.5 575.1:574.4 591.1 595.14 Climate Change Soil pollutants Invertebrates Biomarkers Heat shock response Ecología (Biología) Genética Fisiología animal (Biología) Invertebrados 2401.06 Ecología Animal 2401.08 Genética Animal 2401.13 Fisiología Animal 2401.91 Invertebrados no Insectos Funding: This study was funded by grants PGC2018-094112-A-I00 and PID2021–122243NB-I00 from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and by “ESF: Investing in your future” and “ERDF: A way of making Europe.” Marta Novo was supported by a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (RYC2018–024654-I). An investigation of the effects of anthropogenic stress on terrestrial ecosystems is urgently needed. In this work, we explored how exposure to heat, desiccation, and chemical stress alters the expression of genes that encode heat shock proteins (HSPs), an enzyme that responds to oxidative stress (CAT), hypoxia-related proteins (HIF1 and HYOU), and a DNA repair–related protein (PARP1) in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Exposure to heat (31°C) for 24 h upregulated HSPs and hypoxia-related genes, suggesting possible acquired thermotolerance. Desiccation showed a similar expression profile; however, the HSP response was activated to a lesser extent. Heat and desiccation activated the small HSP at 24 h, suggesting that they may play a role in adaptation. Simultaneous exposure to endosulfan and temperature for 7 h upregulated all of the evaluated genes, implicating a coordinated response involving multiple biological processes to ensure survival and acclimation. These results highlight the relevance of multistress analysis in terrestrial invertebrates. European Commission Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas TRUE pub 2024-12-18T18:47:55Z 2024-12-18T18:47:55Z 2024-06 journal article VoR https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/112974 1382-6689 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104428 1872-7077 eng info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018-094112-A-I00/ES/FUTUROS DESAFIOS EN ECOSISTEMAS EDAFICOS: APROXIMACION MOLECULAR AL ESTUDIO DE LA ADAPTACION DE LOMBRICES DE TIERRA AL CAMBIO CLIMATICO/ info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación/PID2021–122243NB-I00/ES/ANALISIS COMPARATIVO DE LA DISTRIBUCION DE LAS LOMBRICES DE TIERRA Y SU ADAPTACION A LOS FACTORES AMBIENTALES CAMBIANTES EN EL MEDITERRANEO OCCIDENTAL/WORMADAPT Tilikj N, De La Fuente M, González ABM, Martínez-Guitarte J-L, Novo M. Surviving in a multistressor world: Gene expression changes in earthworms exposed to heat, desiccation, and chemicals. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 2024;108:104428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2024.104428. Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access application/pdf Elsevier