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Stakeholders' manipulation of Environmental Impact Assessment Enríquez de Salamanca Sánchez-Cámara, Álvaro 363.7 EIA Stakeholders Bias Manipulation Medio ambiente natural 24 Ciencias de la Vida Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process where several stakeholders take part, each with different interests, making bias unavoidable and a major cause of concern, but there is a big difference between inherent stakeholders' bias and manipulation, an illegitimate attempt to alter decisions for spurious interests. Although manipulation has usually been attributed to developers, any stakeholder may try to use it for self-benefit. In this paper we analyse manipulation possibilities, and how they can be used by stakeholders. While bias is unavoidable and should be reduced, understood and managed in EIA, manipulation is unacceptable and must be excluded. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas TRUE pub 2025-01-16T16:50:57Z 2025-01-16T16:50:57Z 2017-10-12 journal article VoR https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/114780 0195-9255 10.1016/j.eiar.2017.10.003 1873-6432 eng info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//CTM2014-56668-R/ES/SISTEMAS CATALITICOS POROSOS EN LA SINTESIS DE HETEROCICLOS BIOACTIVOS. ESTUDIO MECANISTICO/ info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//AGL2015-69151-R/ES/MORTALIDAD ARBOREA TRAS INCENDIOS: PROCESOS SUBYACENTES Y CONSECUENCIAS PARA LA RECUPERACION Y GESTION DE LOS BOSQUES MEDITERRANEOS/ Enríquez-de-Salamanca, Á. (2018). Stakeholders’ manipulation of environmental impact assessment. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 68, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2017.10.003 restricted access application/pdf Elsevier