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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc García Segura, Luis M. author Méndez, Pablo author Arévalo, M. Angeles author Azcoitia Elías, Íñigo author 2023-09 The brain synthesizes a variety of neurosteroids, including neuroestradiol. Inhibition of neuroestradiol synthesis results in alterations in basic neurodevelopmental processes, such as neurogenesis, neuroblast migration, neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis. Although the neurodevelopmental actions of neuroestradiol are exerted in both sexes, some of them are sex-specific, such as the well characterized effects of neuroestradiol derived from the metabolism of testicular testosterone during critical periods of male brain development. In addition, recent findings have shown sex-specific actions of neuroestradiol on neuroblast migration, neuritic growth and synaptogenesis in females. Among other factors, the epigenetic regulation exerted by X linked genes, such as Kdm6a/Utx, may determine sex-specific actions of neuroestradiol in the female brain. This review evidences the impact of neuroestradiol on brain formation in both sexes and highlights the interaction of neural steriodogenesis, hormones and sex chromosomes in sex-specific brain development. García-Segura LM, Méndez P, Arevalo MA, Azcoitia I. Neuroestradiol and neuronal development: Not an exclusive male tale anymore. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 2023;71:101102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101102. 0091-3022 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101102 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/121508 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101102 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009130222300050X#ab010 Neuroestradiol and neuronal development: not an exclusive male tale anymore