2026-06-29T02:34:22Zhttps://docta.ucm.es/rest/oai/request

oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/1215812025-06-19T23:49:47Zcom_20.500.14352_14col_20.500.14352_15

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Diaz Formoso, Lara author Contente, Diogo author Feito Hermida, Javier author Orgaz Martín, Belén author Hernández Cruza, Pablo Elpidio author Borrero Del Pino, Juan author Muñoz Atienza, Estefanía author Cintas Izarra, Luis Miguel author 2025 Background/Objectives: The overuse and misuse of antibiotics has contributed significatively to the growing problem of the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria, posing a serious global challenge to the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. For these reasons, there is a current and growing interest in the development of effective alternative or complementary strategies to antibiotic therapy for the prevention of fish diseases, which are mainly based on the use of probiotics-in particular, those belonging to the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) group. In this context, the aim of the present study was to characterise, evaluate the genetic diversity and assess the safety of candidate probiotic LAB strains for aquaculture isolated from faeces and intestines of European hakes (Merluccius merluccius, L.) caught in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (Ireland). Methods: The direct antimicrobial activity of the LAB isolates was tested by the Stab-On-Agar method against key ichthyopathogens. Subsequently, their taxonomic classification and genetic diversity were determined by 16SrDNA sequencing and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR), respectively. To ensure the in vitro safety of the LAB isolates, their biofilm-forming ability was assessed by a microtiter plate assay; their sensitivity to major antibiotics used in aquaculture, human and veterinary medicine by a broth microdilution method and their haemolytic and gelatinase activity by microbiological assays. Results: All LAB isolates were biofilm producers and susceptible to chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, flumequine and amoxicillin. A total of 30 isolates (85.7%) were resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics. None of the 35 LAB isolates showed haemolytic or proteolytic activity. Conclusions: Among the isolated strains, five LAB strains exhibiting the highest antimicrobial activity against aquaculture-relevant ichthyopathogens, taxonomically identified as Streptococcus salivarius, Enterococcus avium and Latilactobacillus sakei, were selected for further characterisation as potential probiotic candidates to promote sustainable aquaculture. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that hake intestines and faeces represent viable ecological niches for the isolation of LAB strains with antimicrobial activity Díaz-Formoso, L., Contente, D., Feito, J., Orgaz, B., Hernández, P. E., Borrero, J., Muñoz-Atienza, E., & Cintas, L. M. (2025). Antimicrobial Activity, Genetic Diversity and Safety Assessment of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from European Hakes (Merluccius merluccius, L.) Caught in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 14(5), 469. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050469 10.3390/antibiotics14050469 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/121581 2079-6382 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050469 40426536 Antimicrobial Activity, Genetic Diversity and Safety Assessment of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from European Hakes (Merluccius merluccius, L.) Caught in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean