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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Tlatelpa Romero, Beatriz author Vázquez de Lara Cisneros, Luis G. author Cañadas Benito, Olga author Blanco Rivero, Amaya author Olmeda Lozano, Bárbara author Pérez Gil, Jesús author Mendoza Milla, Criselda author Martinez Vaquero, José Luis author Romero, Yair author Contreras Cruz, David Atahualpa author de la Rosa Paredes, René author Ruiz Salgado, Sinuhé author Berra Romani, Roberto author Collantes Gutiérrez, Alonso Antonio author Pérez Fernández, María Susana author Hernández Linares, María Guadalupe author Guerrero Luna, Gabriel author 2025-07 Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by excessive collagen deposition and impaired lung function. Pulmonary surfactant may modulate fibroblast activity and offer therapeutic benefits. We developed a natural porcine pulmonary surfactant (NPPS) enriched with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and evaluated its biophysical and biological properties. Biophysical analysis showed that PE improved surfactant performance by increasing surface pressure and stability. In vitro, NPPS-PE reduced collagen expression and induced apoptosis in normal human lung fibroblasts; in addition, it decreased proliferation in fibroblasts stimulated with TGF-β. In vivo, NPPS-PE improved gas exchange and significantly reduced collagen deposition in bleomycin-treated mice. These findings suggest that NPPS-PE may be a promising therapeutic strategy for fibrosing lung diseases. Tlatelpa-Romero, B.; Vázquez-de-Lara Cisneros, L.G.; Cañadas, O.; Blanco-Rivero, A.; Olmeda, B.; Pérez-Gil, J.; Mendoza-Milla, C.; Martinez-Vaquero, J.L.; Romero, Y.; Contreras-Cruz, D.A.; et al. Modulation of Pulmonary Fibrosis by Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Phosphatidylethanolamine In Vitro and In Vivo. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 7132. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157132 1661-6596 10.3390/ijms26157132 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/124300 1422-0067 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157132 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/15/7132 Modulation of pulmonary fibrosis by pulmonary surfactant-associated phosphatidylethanolamine in vitro and in vivo