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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Ostos, Sandra author Aparicio, Guillermo author Fernaud Espinosa, Isabel author DeFelipe, Javier author Muñoz Céspedes, Alberto author 2022-09-05 Perisomatic GABAergic innervation in the cerebral cortex is carried out mostly by basket and chandelier cells, which differentially participate in the control of pyramidal cell action potential output and synchronization. These cells establish multiple synapses with the cell body (and proximal dendrites) and the axon initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal neurons, respectively. Using multiple immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy and 3D quantification techniques, we have estimated the number and density of GABAergic boutons on the cell body and AIS of pyramidal neurons located through cortical layers of the human and mouse neocortex. The results revealed, in both species, that there is clear variability across layers regarding the density and number of perisomatic GABAergic boutons. We found a positive linear correlation between the surface area of the soma, or the AIS, and the number of GABAergic terminals in apposition to these 2 neuronal domains. Furthermore, the density of perisomatic GABAergic boutons was higher in the human cortex than in the mouse. These results suggest a selectivity for the GABAergic innervation of the cell body and AIS that might be related to the different functional attributes of the microcircuits in which neurons from different layers are involved in both human and mouse. Ostos, S., Aparicio, G., Fernaud-Espinosa, I., DeFelipe, J., & Muñoz, A. (2023). Quantitative analysis of the GABAergic innervation of the soma and axon initial segment of pyramidal cells in the human and mouse neocortex. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 33(7), 3882-3909. https://doi.org/10.1093/CERCOR/BHAC314 1047-3211 10.1093/cercor/bhac314 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/125041 1460-2199 https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac314 https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/33/7/3882/6691793?login=false Quantitative analysis of the GABAergic innervation of the soma and axon initial segment of pyramidal cells in the human and mouse neocortex