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                  <mods:namePart>Manzano Espinosa, Cristina</mods:namePart>
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               <mods:identifier type="citation">Manzano Espinosa, Cristina. 2013. "Recovering Art Techniques in the Animation Process." The International Journal of New Media, Technology and the Arts 7 (3): 1-10.</mods:identifier>
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               <mods:abstract>Author and authorship, in the sense that we are going to use the concepts, were born in the late fifties when a group of French critics and filmmakers vindicated certain names in the classic American cinema as creators able to leave their own marks on their works, beyond the supervision of the American film studios organization. We will use these concepts to evaluate the relationship between the creative control within the short animation films and the use of traditional art techniques, which involve drawing, painting, or even claymation. A separation from digital works means another production and artistic perspective, which has found in the web a major distribution system and acknowledgement for authors. The use of traditional art techniques is not only an aesthetic decision, but also serves as narration, as each technique has its own expressive application. Through several examples of contemporary filmmakers working with this kind of approach, this paper will analyse both the artistic and narrative results.</mods:abstract>
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