2026-06-30T03:14:14Zhttps://docta.ucm.es/rest/oai/request
oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/1306622026-01-22T01:21:51Zcom_20.500.14352_14col_20.500.14352_16
Docta Complutense author Diaz Arocutipa, Carlos author Salguero Bodes, Rafael author Jiménez Manso, Roberto author Martín Asenjo, Roberto author López Bendezu, Gabriela author Vicent, Lourdes 2026-01-21T07:35:44Z 2026-01-21T07:35:44Z 2025 Diaz-Arocutipa C, Salguero-Bodes R, Jiménez-Manso R, Martín-Asenjo R, Lopez-Bendezu G, Vicent L. Sex Differences in Frailty-Associated Outcomes of Patients with Cardiogenic Shock. Shock. 2026 Jan 1;65(1):40-49. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000002650 1073-2322 10.1097/SHK.0000000000002650 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/130662 1540-0514 https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000002650 41170801 https://journals.lww.com/shockjournal/abstract/2026/01000/sex_differences_in_frailty_associated_outcomes_of.6.aspxhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41170801/ Abstract Background: Frailty is an important determinant of outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease; however, its impact on the management and prognosis of cardiogenic shock (CS) remains unclear. This study examined the association between frailty and in-hospital outcomes, focusing on sex-based differences in treatment and mortality. Methods: We used the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2019 to identify adult patients hospitalized with CS. Frailty was assessed using the Hospital Frailty Risk Score and categorized as low (<5), intermediate (5-15), or high risk of frailty (>15). Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among 640,595 admissions, frailty was strongly associated with increased mortality (high vs. low risk: OR 2.15, 95% CI 2.03-2.27) and major bleeding (high vs. low risk: OR 6.18, 95% CI 5.53-6.92). Women had higher in-hospital mortality than men, but only at low (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.22-1.39) and intermediate frailty risk (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.13-1.20). Women had lower use of pulmonary artery catheterization, intra-aortic balloon pump, and percutaneous ventricular assist device compared to men, at any level of frailty risk. The odds of major bleeding in women versus men varied according to frailty risk. Renal replacement therapy was higher in women versus men with intermediate or high risk of frailty. Conclusions: Frailty independently predicted higher mortality and lower use of mechanical circulatory support in patients with CS. Women have worse outcomes with less invasive treatment, highlighting sex disparities in CS care. eng Sex differences in frailty-associated outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock journal article 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URL https://docta.ucm.es/bitstreams/718e04a4-74f9-4666-9748-4cad434f78a0/download File MD5 2a8803d40b998a1166e581eb75ada7bb 1468897 application/pdf SEX DIFFERENCES IN FRAILTY-ASSOCIATED_2025.pdf