2026-06-29T08:19:41Zhttps://docta.ucm.es/rest/oai/request

oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/1324732026-02-18T01:05:44Zcom_20.500.14352_14col_20.500.14352_15

Single-letter (but not multi-letter) flankers produce a leftward asymmetry in the flanker lexical decision task Lázaro López-Villaseñor, Miguel Özkan, Zeynep García, Lorena Perea, Manuel Bigrams Flanker lexical decision task Initial-letter advantage Orthographic processing PONG model Logopedia Psicolingüística 6106 Psicología Experimental This work was supported by Zeynep G. Özkan was funded by a Grant from the Department of Education, Culture, Universities, and Employment of the Valencian Government [grant number CIGRIS/2023/180] We conducted three flanker lexical decision experiments to test whether multi-letter and single-letter flankers to the left and right of a target word produce symmetrical facilitation relative to an unrelated control. We also simulated these experiments using the PONG model (Snell, J. (2025). PONG: A computational model of visual word recognition through bihemispheric activation. Psychological Review, 132(3), 505–527), a model that provides quantitative predictions for this task. In Experiment 1 we found symmetrical facilitation from left-consistent and right-consistent bigrams. In contrast, Experiments 2 and 3, using single-letter flankers, revealed leftward benefits, even when the consonant–vowel distribution of the flanker letters was balanced (Experiment 3). The PONG model quantitatively captured the pattern in Experiment 1 but failed to capture the leftward advantage in Experiments 2–3. This dissociation reveals that parafoveal information during visual word recognition is hemifield-symmetric for multi-letter chunks but left-weighted for single letters, suggesting that models of visual word recognition require initial-letter or hemifield weighting to account for single-letter flanker effects. Generalitat Valenciana Depto. de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia Fac. de Psicología TRUE pub 2026-02-17T09:45:46Z 2026-02-17T09:45:46Z 2026 journal article AM https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/132473 2327-3798 10.1080/23273798.2026.2619561 2327-3801 eng Lázaro, M., Ozkan, Z., García, L., & Perea, M. (2026). Single-letter (But not multi-letter) flankers produce a leftward asymmetry in the flanker lexical decision task. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2026.2619561 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ restricted access application/pdf Taylor & Francis