2026-08-22T18:47:57Zhttps://docta.ucm.es/rest/oai/requestoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/1390432026-08-04T23:50:02Zcom_20.500.14352_14col_20.500.14352_15
Docta Complutense
author
Xu, Ji-Ze
author
Zhong, Yin
author
Martín-Delgado Alcántara, Miguel Ángel
author
Song, Hao
author
Liu, Ke
2026-08-04T16:58:43Z
2026-08-04T16:58:43Z
2026-06-23
Ji-Ze Xu et al 2026 Quantum Sci. Technol. 11 035022
10.1088/2058-9565/ae799e
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/139043
2058-9565
https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae799e
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/ae799e
Three-dimensional (3D) topological codes offer the advantage of supporting fault-tolerant implementations of non-Clifford gates, yet their performance against realistic noise remains largely unexplored. In this work, we focus on the paradigmatic 3D toric code and investigate its fault-tolerance thresholds in the presence of both Pauli and measurement errors. Two randomly coupled lattice gauge models that describe the code's correctability are derived, including a random 2-form Z2 gauge theory. By exploiting a generalized duality technique, we show that the 3D toric code exhibits optimal thresholds of pthX,M approximate to 11% and pthZ,M approximate to 2% against bit-flip and phase-flip errors, respectively. These threshold values show modest reductions compared to the case of perfect measurements, establishing the robustness of the 3D toric code against measurement errors. Our results constitute a substantial advance towards assessing the practical performance of 3D topological codes. This contribution is timely and in high demand, as rapid hardware advancements are bringing complex codes into experimental reach. Moreover, our work highlights the interdisciplinary nature of fault-tolerant quantum computation and holds significant interest for quantum information science, high-energy physics, and condensed matter physics.
eng
Attribution 4.0 International
Phenomenological noise models and optimal thresholds of the 3D toric code
journal article
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URL
https://docta.ucm.es/bitstreams/14b9ba47-649c-4c50-83c4-60e70f201b02/download
File
MD5
8d45bc3fa722fb7864221619a0bc18b5
1069204
application/pdf
Xu_2026_Quantum_Sci._Technol._11_035022.pdf