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Energy estimation of cosmic rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory Arqueros Martínez, Fernando García Pinto, Diego Minaya Flores, Ignacio Andrés Rosado Vélez, Jaime Vázquez Peñas, José Ramón 539.1 Extensive air showers Monte-carlo simulations Emission Codalema Coreas Lofar. Física nuclear 2207 Física Atómica y Nuclear © 2016 American Physical Society. Autoría conjunta: Pierre Auger collaboration. Artículo publicado por más de 10 autores. The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargue. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council (DP150101622); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2010/07359-6 and No. 1999/05404-3, Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; Grants No. MSMT-CR LG13007, No. 7AMB14AR005, and the Czech Science Foundation Grant No. 14-17501S, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63, within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02, France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein Westfalen, Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA), CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; National Centre for Research and Development, Grants No. ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11 and No. ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11, National Science Centre, Grants No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00728 and No. HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062, Poland; Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE), Portugal; Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISCDI partnership projects Grants No. 20/2012 and No. 194/2012, Grants No. 1/ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET, No. PN-IIRU-PD-2011-3-0145-17 and No. PN-II-RU-PD-2011-30062, the Minister of National Education, Programme Space Technology and Advanced Research (STAR), Grant No. 83/2013, Romania; Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Xunta de Galicia, European Community 7th Framework Program, Grant No. FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contracts No. DE-AC0207CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DE-FG0299ER41107 and No. DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation, Grant No.; 0450696, The Grainger Foundation, USA; NAFOSTED, Vietnam; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIRSES-2009-GA-246806; and UNESCO. The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30-80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy-corrected for geometrical effects-is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal. Unión Europea. FP7 Czech Science Foundation, Czech Republic Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, France Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), France Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP), France Investissements d'Avenir Programme, France Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Germany Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Germany Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Germany Nordrhein Westfalen, Germany Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Germany Forschung und Kunst, Germany Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Italy Ministero dell Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA), Italy CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Italy Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE), Italy Ministerie van Onderwijs, Netherlands Cultuur en Wetenschap, Netherlands Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands National Centre for Research and Development, Poland National Science Centre, Poland Portuguese national funds, Portugal FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE), Portugal Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, Romania CNDI-UEFISCDI, Romania Minister of National Education, Romania Programme Space Technology and Advanced Research (STAR), Romania Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia Comunidad de Madrid FEDER funds, Spain Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain Xunta de Galicia, Spain Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET UNESCO Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica Fac. de Ciencias Físicas TRUE pub 2023-06-18T06:55:44Z 2023-06-18T06:55:44Z 2016-06-14 journal article https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/24605 2470-0010 10.1103/PhysRevD.93.122005 eng AUGER2FUTURE (328826) EPLANET (246806) 14-17501S LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02 ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11 ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11 2013/08/M/ST9/00322 2013/08/M/ST9/00728 HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062 20/2012 194/2012 PN-II-RU-PD-2011-30062 1/ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET PN-IIRU-PD-2011-3-0145-17 83/2013 MSMT-CR LG13007 7AMB14AR005 open access application/pdf Amer Physical Soc