2026-06-27T10:10:55Zhttps://docta.ucm.es/rest/oai/request
oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/49792023-08-26T18:12:36Zcom_20.500.14352_14col_20.500.14352_15
Docta Complutense author Gil Tapetado, Diego author Durán Montes, Patricia author García París, Mario author López Estrada, E. Karen author Sánchez Vialas, Alberto author Jiménez Ruiz, Yolanda author Gómez, José F. author Nieves Aldrey, José Luis 2023-06-16T14:25:00Z 2023-06-16T14:25:00Z 2021-10-29 1463-6409 10.1111/zsc.12515 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/4979 https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12515 The host range of parasitoids varies greatly among species: Some only parasitize one to a few hosts (specialists), while others parasitize multiple species or a variety of host types (generalists). The direction of most host range shifts in parasitoid groups, that is from generalist to specialist or, alternatively, from specialist to generalist, is unknown. To explore the origin of host range shifts, we studied a clade within the genus Torymus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) that includes both generalist and specialist parasitoids of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera). We analysed the phylogenetic relationships of the species of Torymus on the basis of two gene fragments (cox1 and ITS2) of 246 specimens and performed an ancestral state reconstruction of the specialist/generalist trait. Our results revealed the following: (a) The ancestral state of this group of Torymus is specialist, with the generalist state evolving through a loss of specialization. (b) The species Torymus cyaneus and Torymus flavipes both have a strong genetic structure, suggesting the existence of different biological identities. (c) There has been a host plant shift in the lineage(s) leading to Torymus rubi and Torymus bedeguaris from galls on Quercus to those on Rosaceae. (d) The alien species Torymus sinensis and the native European species Torymus notatus are phylogenetically closely related. (e) Speciation within Torymus was likely associated with the diversification of their cynipid hosts, which itself was driven by the dramatic changes in climate and vegetation that occurred during the Miocene. eng Host specialization is ancestral in Torymus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) cynipid gall parasitoids journal article URL https://docta.ucm.es/bitstreams/3b94c01a-7127-40c4-9532-d5af6b1d6322/download File MD5 76836b502b82606270b3bcbc60fb54cc 2929404 application/pdf Gil‐Tapetado-DBEE-Host-specialization.pdf URL https://docta.ucm.es/bitstreams/a22dd0c6-b6c3-4ede-872d-80fd3a3ffb3b/download File MD5 22e0e1d13e8f630b1d21c9c3a6608e88 133131 text/plain Gil‐Tapetado-DBEE-Host-specialization.pdf.txt