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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan author Calvo Padilla, María Luisa author 1987-06 An exact formulation of the electromagnetic field striking an optical waveguide is presented and compared with the decomposition relationship used in the literature. The expression for the critical angle is derived as a natural consequence of this formulation. Equations for the total fraction of power confined within a waveguide are derived and analyzed for the special case of absorbing waveguides. An explicit expression is derived for the fraction of energy confined within a waveguide supporting two sets of modes. 0740-3232 10.1364/JOSAA.4.001037 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/59093 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.4.001037 http://www.opticsinfobase.org Initial field and energy flux in absorbing optical waveguides. I. Theoretical formalism