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Docta Complutense author Cortés Contreras, Miriam author Montes Gutiérrez, David 2023-06-16T15:22:08Z 2023-06-16T15:22:08Z 2020-06-11 0004-6361 10.1051/0004-6361/202037719 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/6502 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037719 https://www.aanda.org/ High resolution transit spectroscopy has proven to be a reliable technique for the characterization of the chemical composition of exoplanet atmospheres. Taking advantage of the broad spectral coverage of the CARMENES spectrograph, we initiated a survey aimed at characterizing a broad range of planetary systems. Here, we report our observations of three transits of GJ 3470 b with CARMENES in search of He (23S) absorption. On one of the nights, the He I region was heavily contaminated by OH− telluric emission and, thus, it was not useful for our purposes. The remaining two nights had a very different signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) due to weather. They both indicate the presence of He (2^(3)S) absorption in the transmission spectrum of GJ 3470 b , although a statistically valid detection can only be claimed for the night with higher S/N. For that night, we retrieved a 1.5 ± 0.3% absorption depth, translating into a R_(p)(λ)/R_(p) = 1.15 ± 0.14 at this wavelength. Spectro-photometric light curves for this same night also indicate the presence of extra absorption during the planetary transit with a consistent absorption depth. The He (2^(3)S) absorption is modeled in detail using a radiative transfer code, and the results of our modeling efforts are compared to the observations. We find that the mass-loss rate, Ṁ , is confined to a range of 3 × 10^(10) g s^(−1) for T = 6000 K to 10 × 10^(10) g s^(−1) for T = 9000 K. We discuss the physical mechanisms and implications of the He I detection in GJ 3470 b and put it in context as compared to similar detections and non-detections in other Neptune-size planets. We also present improved stellar and planetary parameter determinations based on our visible and near-infrared observations. eng A He I upper atmosphere around the warm Neptune GJ 3470 b journal article URL https://docta.ucm.es/bitstreams/d404319a-a51d-4e67-bb24-f46e45cbd79c/download File MD5 2086ff51fb21284a3c649ba40f68a21b 2510828 application/pdf davidmontes108libre.pdf