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Differences in Sex and the Incidence and In-Hospital Mortality among People Admitted for Infective Endocarditis in Spain, 2016–2020 Miguel Yanes, José María De Jiménez García, Rodrigo Miguel Díez, Javier De Hernández Barrera, Valentín Carabantes Alarcón, David Zamorano León, José Javier Noriega, Concepción López De Andrés, Ana Isabel Background: A description of the trends and outcomes during hospitalization for infective endocarditis (IE) according to sex. (2) Methods: Using Spanish national hospital discharge data (2016–2020), we built Poisson regression models to compare the age-adjusted time trends for the incidence rate. We used propensity score matching (PSM) to compare the clinical characteristics and the in-hospital mortality (IHM) between men and women hospitalized with IE. (3) Results: We identified 10,459 hospitalizations for IE (33.26% women). The incidence of IE remained stable during this five-year period. The age-adjusted incidence of IE was two-fold higher among men vs. women (IRR = 2.08; 95%CI 2.0–2.17). Before PSM, women with IE were significantly older than men (70.25 vs. 66.24 years; p < 0.001) and had lower comorbidity according to the Charlson comorbidity index (mean 1.38 vs. 1.43; p = 0.019). After PSM, the IHM among women admitted for IE remained >3 points higher than that among men (19.52% vs. 15.98%; p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The incidence of IE was two-fold higher among men than among women. IHM was significantly higher among women after accounting for the potential confounders. 2023-06-22T11:18:24Z 2023-06-22T11:18:24Z 2022 journal article Miguel Yanes, J. M., Jiménez García, R., Miguel Díez, J. et al. «Differences in Sex and the Incidence and In-Hospital Mortality among People Admitted for Infective Endocarditis in Spain, 2016–2020». Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 11, n.o 22, noviembre de 2022, p. 6847. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226847. 2077-0383 10.3390/jcm11226847 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/72301 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226847 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm eng Convenio V Plan Regional de Investigación Científica e Innovación Tecnológica Programa de Excelencia para el Profesorado Universitario” INV.AY.20.2021.1E126 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ open access Atribución 3.0 España MDPI