2026-06-08T09:32:52Zhttps://docta.ucm.es/rest/oai/request

oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/727062023-08-26T00:09:42Zcom_20.500.14352_14col_20.500.14352_15

Willeit, Matteo Ganopolski, Andrey Robinson, Alexander James Edwards, Neil R. 2023-06-22T12:30:18Z 2023-06-22T12:30:18Z 2022-07-28 1991-959X 10.5194/gmd-15-5905-2022 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/72706 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5905-2022 https://gmd.copernicus.org The newly developed fast Earth system model CLIMBER-X is presented. The climate component of CLIMBER-X consists of a 2.5-D semi-empirical statistical– dynamical atmosphere model, a 3-D frictional–geostrophic ocean model, a dynamic–thermodynamic sea ice model and a land surface model. All the model components are discretized on a regular lat–long grid with a horizontal resolution of 5^(◦) × 5^(◦) . The model has a throughput of ∼ 10 000 simulation years per day on a single node with 16 CPUs on a high-performance computer and is designed to simulate the evolution of the Earth system on temporal scales ranging from decades to > 100 000 years. A comprehensive evaluation of the model performance for the present day and the historical period shows that CLIMBER-X is capable of realistically reproducing many observed climate characteristics, with results that generally lie within the range of state-of-theart general circulation models. The analysis of model performance is complemented by a thorough assessment of climate feedbacks and model sensitivities to changes in external forcings and boundary conditions. Limitations and applicability of the model are critically discussed. CLIMBER-X also includes a detailed representation of the global carbon cycle and is coupled to an ice sheet model, which will be described in separate papers. CLIMBER-X is available as open-source code and is expected to be a useful tool for studying past climate changes and for the investigation of the long-term future evolution of the climate. eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ open access Atribución 3.0 España The Earth system model CLIMBER-X v1.0-Part 1: climate model description and validation journal article