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Zamora, Juan Carlos Svensson, Måns Kirschner, Roland Olariaga, Ibai Ryman, Svengunnar Parra, Luis Alberto Geml, József Rosling, Anna Adamčík, Slavomír Ahti, Teuvo Aime, M. Catherine Ainsworth, A. Martyn Albert, László Albertó, Edgardo Altés García, Alberto Ageev, Dmitry Agerer, Reinhard Aguirre-Hudson, Begoña Ammirati, Joe Andersson, Harry Angelini, Claudio Antonín, Vladimír Aoki, Takayuki Aptroot, André Argaud, Didier Arguello Sosa, Blanca Imelda Aronsen, Arne Arup, Ulf Asgari, Bita Assyov, Boris Atienza, Violeta Bandini, Ditte Baptista-Ferreira, João Luís Baral, Hans-Otto Baroni, Tim Barreto, Robert Weingart Beker, Henry Bell, Ann Bellanger, Jean-Michel Bellù, Francesco Bemmann, Martin Bendiksby, Mika Bendiksen, Egil Bendiksen, Katriina Benedek, Lajos Bérešová-Guttová, Anna Berger, Franz Berndt, Reinhard Bernicchia, Annarosa Biketova, Alona Yu. Bizio, Enrico Bjork, Curtis Boekhout, Teun Boertmann, David Böhning, Tanja Boittin, Florent Boluda, Carlos G. Boomsluiter, Menno W. Borovička, Jan Brandrud, Tor Erik Braun, Uwe Brodo, Irwin Bulyonkova, Tatiana Burdsall, Harold H. Buyck, Bart Burgaz Moreno, Ana Rosa Calatayud, Vicent Callac, Philippe Campo, Emanuele Candusso, Massimo Capoen, Brigitte Carbó, Joaquim Carbone, Matteo Castañeda-Ruiz, Rafael F. Castellano, Michael A. Chen, Jie Clerc, Philippe Consiglio, Giovanni Corriol, Gilles Courtecuisse, Régis Crespo De Las Casas, Ana María Cripps, Cathy Crous, Pedro W. da Silva, Gladstone Alves da Silva, Meiriele Dam, Marjo Dam, Nico Dämmrich, Frank Das, Kanad Davies, Linda De Crop, Eske De Kesel, Andre De Lange, Ruben De Madrignac BonziBárbara, Bárbara de la Cruz, Thomas Edison E. Delgat, Lynn Demoulin, Vincent Desjardin, Dennis E. Diederich, Paul Dima, Bálint Dios, Maria Martha Douanla-Meli, Clovis Douglas, Brian Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro Ricardo Dulare Devi, Pradeep Divakar Dyer, Paul S. Eberhardt, Ursula Ertz, Damien Esteve-Raventós, Fernando Etayo Salazar, Javier Angel Evenson, Vera Eyssartier, Guillaume Farkas, Edit Favre, Alain Fedosova, Anna G. Filippa, Mario Finy, Péter Flakus, Adam Fos, Simón Fournier, Jacques Fraiture, André Franchi, Paolo Franco Molano, Ana Esperanza Friebes, Gernot Frisch, Andreas Fryday, Alan Furci, Giuliana Galán Márquez, Ricardo Garbelotto, Matteo García-Martín, Joaquina María García Otálora, Mónica A. García Sánchez, Dania Gardiennet, Alain Garnica, Sigisfredo Garrido Benavent, Isaac Gates, Genevieve Lima da Gerlach, Alice Cruz Ghobad-Nejhad, Masoomeh Gibertoni, Tatiana B. Grebenc, Tine Greilhuber, Irmgard Grishkan, Bella Groenewald, Johannes Z. Grube, Martin Gruhn, Gérald Gueidan, Cécile Gulden, Gro Gusmão, Luis F. P. Hafellner, Josef Hairaud, Michel Halama, Marek Hallenberg, Nils Halling, Roy E. Hansen, Karen Harder, Christoffer Bugge Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob Helleman, Stip Henriot, Alain Hernandez-Restrepo, Margarita Herve, Raphaël Hobart, Caroline Hoffmeister, Mascha Høiland, Klaus Holec, Jan Holien, Håkon Hughes, Karen Hubka, Vit Huhtinen, Seppo Ivančević, Boris Jagers, Marian Jaklitsch, Walter Jansen, Anna Elise Jayawardena, Ruvishika S. Jiménez Rico, Víctor Jeppesen, Thomas Stjernegaard Jeppson, Mikael Johnston, Peter Jørgensen, Per Magnus Kärnefelt, Ingvar Kalinina, Liudmila B. Kantvilas, Gintaras Karadelev, Mitko Kasuya, Taiga Kautmanová, Ivona Kerrigan, Richard W. Kirchmair, Martin Kiyashko, Anna Knapp, Dániel G. Knudsen, Henning Knudsen, Kerry Knutsson, Tommy Kolařík, Miroslav Kõljalg, Urmas Košuthová, Alica Koszka, Attila Kotiranta, Heikki Kotkova, Vera Koukol, Ondřej Kout, Jiří Kovács, Gábor M. Kříž, Martin Kruys, Åsa Kučera, Viktor Kudzma, Linas Kuhar, Francisco Kukwa, Martin Kumar, T. K. Arun Kunca, Vladimír Kušan, Ivana Kuyper, Thomas W. Lado, Carlos Læssøe, Thomas Lainé, Patrice Langer, Ewald Larsson, Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Laursen, Gary Lechat, Christian Lee, Serena Lendemer, James C. Levin, Laura Lindemann, Uwe Lindström, Håkan Liu, Xingzhong Llarena Hernandez, Regulo Carlos Llop, Esteve Locsmándi, Csaba Lodge, Deborah Jean Loizides, Michael Lőkös, László Luangsa-ard, Jennifer Lüderitz, Matthias Lumbsch, Thorsten Lutz, Matthias Mahoney, Dan Malysheva, Ekaterina Malysheva, Vera Manimohan, Patinjareveettil Marin-Felix, Yasmina Marques, Guilhermina Martínez-Gil, Rubén Marson, Guy Mata, Gerardo Matheny, P. Brandon Mathiassen, Geir Harald Matočec, Neven Mayrhofer, Helmut Mehrabi, Mehdi Melo, Ireneia Mešić, Armin Methven, Andrew S. Miettinen, Otto Millanes Romero, Ana M. Miller, Andrew N. Mitchell, James K. Moberg, Roland Moreau, Pierre-Arthur Moreno, Gabriel Morozova, Olga Morte, Asunción Muggia, Lucia Muñoz González, Guillermo Myllys, Leena Nagy, István Nagy, László G. Neves, Maria Alice Niemelä, Tuomo Nimis, Pier Luigi Niveiro, Nicolas Noordeloos, Machiel E. Nordin, Anders Noumeur, Sara Raouia Novozhilov, Yuri Nuytinck, Jorinde Ohenoja, Esteri Oliveira Fiuza, Patricia Orange, Alan Ordynets, Alexander Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz Pacheco, Leticia Pál-Fám, Ferenc Palacio, Melissa Palice, Zdeněk Papp, Viktor Pärtel, Kadri Pawlowska, Julia Paz, Aurelia Peintner, Ursula Pennycook, Shaun Liparini Pereira, Olinto Pérez Daniëls, Pablo Pérez-De-Gregorio Capella, Miquel À. Pérez del Amo, Carlos Manuel Pérez Gorjón, Sergio Pérez-Ortega, Sergio Pérez-Vargas, Israel Perry, Brian A. Petersen, Jens H. Petersen, Ronald H. Pfister, Donald H. Phukhamsakda, Chayanard Piątek, Marcin Piepenbring, Meike Pino Bodas, Raquel Pinzón Esquivel, Juan Pablo Pirot, Paul Popov, Eugene S. Popoff, Orlando Prieto Álvaro, María Printzen, Christian Psurtseva, Nadezhda Purahong, Witoon Quijada, Luis Rambold, Gerhard Ramírez, Natalia A. Raja, Huzefa Raspé, Olivier Raymundo, Tania Réblová, Martina Rebriev, Yury A. Reyes García, Juan de Dios Ribes Ripoll, Miguel Ángel Richard, Franck Richardson, Mike J. Robledo, Gerardo Lucio Rodrigues Barbosa, Flavia Rodriguez-Caycedo, Cristina Rodriguez-Flakus, Pamela Ronikier, Anna Rubio Casas, Luis Rusevska, Katerina Saar, Günter Saar, Irja Salcedo, Isabel Salcedo Martínez, Sergio M. Salvador Montoya, Carlos A. Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago Sandoval-Sierra, J. Vladimir Santamaria, Sergi Santana Monteiro, Josiane Schroers, Hans Josef Schulz, Barbara Schmidt-Stohn, Geert Schumacher, Trond Senn-Irlet, Beatrice Ševčíková, Hana Shchepin, Oleg Shirouzu, Takashi Shiryaev, Anton Siepe, Klaus Sir, Esteban B. Sohrabi, Mohammad Soop, Karl Spirin, Viacheslav Spribille, Toby Stadler, Marc Stalpers, Joost Stenroos, Soili Suija, Ave Sunhede, Stellan Svantesson, Sten Svensson, Sigvard Svetasheva, Tatyana Yu. Świerkosz, Krzysztof Tamm, Heidi Taskin, Hatira Taudière, Adrien Tedebrand, Jan-Olof Tena Lahoz, Raúl Temina, Marina Thell, Arne Thines, Marco Thor, Göran Thüs, Holger Tibell, Leif Tibell, Sanja Timdal, Einar Tkalčec, Zdenko Tønsberg, Tor Trichies, Gérard Triebel, Dagmar Tsurykau, Andrei Tulloss, Rodham E. Tuovinen, Veera Ulloa Sosa, Miguel Urcelay, Carlos Valade, François Valenzuela Garza, Ricardo van den Boom, Pieter Van Vooren, Nicolas Vasco-Palacios, Aida M. Vauras, Jukka Velasco Santos, Juan Manuel Vellinga, Else Verbeken, Annemieke Vetlesen, Per Vizzini, Alfredo Voglmayr, Hermann Volobuev, Sergey von Brackel, Wolfgang Voronina, Elena Walther, Grit Watling, Roy Weber, Evi Wedin, Mats Weholt, Øyvind Westberg, Martin Yurchenko, Eugene Zehnálek, Petr Zhang, Huang Zhurbenko, Mikhail P. Ekman, Stefan 2023-11-22T12:27:11Z 2023-11-22T12:27:11Z 2018 Zamora, J. C., Svensson, M., Kirschner, R. et al. «Considerations and Consequences of Allowing DNA Sequence Data as Types of Fungal Taxa». IMA Fungus, vol. 9, n.o 1, junio de 2018, pp. 167-75. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.10. 2210-6359 10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.10 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/88908 https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.10 https://imafungus.biomedcentral.com/ Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN. eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ open access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa journal article