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Red pitaya (Hylocereus costaricensis) peel as a source of valuable molecules: Extraction optimization to recover natural colouring agents. Roriz, Custodio Lobo Heleno, Sandrina A. Oliveira, Beatriz P.P. Pinela, José Dias, Maria Inês Calhelha, Ricardo R. Morales Gómez, Patricia Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R. Barros, Lillian Hylocereus costaricensis Bioactive compounds Betacyanins Natural colorants Ultrasound-assisted extraction Process optimization Alimentación 3309 Tecnología de Los Alimentos Hylocereus costaricensis peel contains large amounts of betacyanins and can be exploited as a source of natural colorants. This work aimed the chemical characterization and evaluation of bioactive properties of this by-product and the optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of betacyanins using the response surface methodology (RSM). Oxalic and malic acids and traces of fumaric acid were detected, as well as the four tocopherol isoforms, predominantly γ-tocopherol. Four betacyanins were identified and used as response criteria for UAE optimization, namely phyllocactin, isobetanin, isophyllocactin, and betanin. Sample processing at 487 W for 38 min result in the maximum betacyanin content (36 ± 1 mg/g dw). The peel extract inhibit the oxidative haemolysis, with IC50 values of 255 and 381 μg/mL for Δt of 60 and 120 min, respectively, and the growth of pathogenic bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 mg/mL. Furthermore, no toxicity was observed for normal cells. Foundation for Science and Technology ( Portugal) European Commission Universidad Complutense de Madrid Depto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos Fac. de Farmacia TRUE pub 2024-01-16T18:44:59Z 2024-01-16T18:44:59Z 2022 journal article VoR https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/93481 0308-8146 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2021.131344 eng info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/UIDB/00690/2020 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFRH/BD/117995/2016 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/CEECIND/03040/2017 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/CEECIND/01011/2018 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/GR105/18 Roriz CL, Heleno SA, Alves MJ, Oliveira MBPP, Pinela J, Dias MI, et al. Red pitaya (Hylocereus costaricensis) peel as a source of valuable molecules: Extraction optimization to recover natural colouring agents. Food Chemistry 2022;372:131344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131344. restricted access application/pdf Elsevier