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Phytocystatins: Defense Proteins against Phytophagous Insects and Acari Martinez, Manuel Santamaria, Maria Díaz Mendoza, María Mercedes Arnaiz, Ana Carrillo, Laura Ortego, Felix Diaz, Isabel 577.112 581.1 Phytocystatin Insect Acari Digestive proteases Plant-phytophagousinteractions Bioquímica (Biología) Fisiología vegetal (Biología) 2403 Bioquímica 2417 Biología Vegetal (Botánica) This work was supported by projects from Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (projects BIO2014-53508-R and 618105-FACCE-Era Net Plus). Maria Estrella Santamaria was recipient of post-doctoral grant from the subprogram Juan de la Cierva 2012 from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad. This review deals with phytocystatins, focussing on their potential role as defence proteins against phytophagous arthropods. Information about the evolutionary, molecular and biochemical features and inhibitory properties of phytocystatins are presented. Cystatin ability to inhibit heterologous cysteine protease activities is commented on as well as some approaches of tailoring cystatin specificity to enhance their defence function towards pests. A general landscape on the digestive proteases of phytophagous insects and acari and the remarkable plasticity of their digestive physiology after feeding on cystatins are highlighted. Biotechnological approaches to produce recombinant cystatins to be added to artificial diets or to be sprayed as insecticide–acaricide compounds and the of use cystatins as transgenes are discussed. Multiple examples and applications are included to end with some conclusions and future perspectives. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) Depto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas TRUE pub 2024-01-25T11:40:22Z 2024-01-25T11:40:22Z 2016 journal article VoR https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/95388 1661-6596 10.3390/ijms17101747 1422-0067 eng Martinez, M.; Santamaria, M.E.; Diaz-Mendoza, M.; Arnaiz, A.; Carrillo, L.; Ortego, F.; Diaz, I. Phytocystatins: Defense Proteins against Phytophagous Insects and Acari. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1747. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101747 Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access application/pdf MDPI