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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Rodríguez Vázquez, José Francisco author Kim, Ji Hyun author Verdugo López, Samuel author Murakami, Gen author Cho, Kwang Ho author Asakawa, Sachiko author Abe, Shinichi author 2011 The hyoid body is traditionally believed to have a dual origin from second and third arch mesenchyme, but this theory remains controversial. We examined paraffin-embedded sections from the hyoid region of 12 embryos and fetuses at 5-7 weeks of gestation (11-22 mm cranio-rump length). We found that the second (Reichert's cartilage) and third arch mesenchymal condensations did not reach the median area at the base of the tongue. Rather, a midline mesenchymal condensation was seen, and it separated from these arches at an early stage. This condensation was triangular and plate-like, and the cranial part was narrow between the bilateral Reichert's cartilages, while the caudal part was wide along the mediolateral axis between the bilateral primitive greater horns. We considered the midline mesenchymal condensation as the hyoid body anlage. At 7 weeks, a cartilaginous mass appeared in the midline condensation. The hypoglossal nerve changed its direction at the superolateral ends of the midline condensation. We propose that: (i) the hyoid body originates from the hypobranchial eminence via the midline condensation; (ii) the lesser horn originates from the caudal end of Reichert's cartilage; and (iii) the greater horn of the hyoid and the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage originate from the third arch cartilage. The second and third arches may not regulate early hyoid body morphology. Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Kim JH, Verdugo-López S, Murakami G, Cho KH, Asakawa S, Abe S. Human fetal hyoid body origin revisited. Journal of Anatomy. 2011 Aug;219(2):143-9 0021-8782 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01387.x https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/95887 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01387.x 21599659 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21599659/ Human fetal hyoid body origin revisited