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Gem5-X: A Many-core Heterogeneous Simulation Platform for Architectural Exploration and Optimization Qureshi, Yasir M. Simon, William A. Zapater Sancho, Marina Olcoz Herrero, Katzalin Atienza Alonso, David Many-core, architectural exploration Architectural exploration Heterogeneous architectures Gem5 Electrónica (Informática) 3304 Tecnología de Los Ordenadores The increasing adoption of smart systems in our daily life has led to the development of new applications with varying performance and energy constraints, and suitable computing architectures need to be developed for these new applications. In this article, we present gem5-X, a system-level simulation framework, based on gem-5, for architectural exploration of heterogeneous many-core systems. To demonstrate the capabilities of gem5-X, real-time video analytics is used as a case-study. It is composed of two kernels, namely, video encoding and image classification using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). First, we explore through gem5-X the benefits of latest 3D high bandwidth memory (HBM2) in different architectural configurations. Then, using a two-step exploration methodology, we develop a new optimized clustered-heterogeneous architecture with HBM2 in gem5-X for video analytics application. In this proposed clustered-heterogeneous architecture, ARMv8 in-order cluster with in-cache computing engine executes the video encoding kernel, giving 20% performance and 54% energy benefits compared to baseline ARM in-order and Out-of-Order systems, respectively. Furthermore, thanks to gem5-X, we conclude that ARM Out-of-Order clusters with HBM2 are the best choice to run visual recognition using CNNs, as they outperform DDR4-based system by up to 30% both in terms of performance and energy savings. European Research Council Comunidad de Madrid MINECO EC Depto. de Arquitectura de Computadores y Automática Fac. de Informática TRUE pub 2024-01-30T15:41:41Z 2024-01-30T15:41:41Z 2021-07-17 journal article AM https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/96657 1544-3566 10.1145/3461662 eng ERC Consolidator Grant COMPUSAPIEN (GA No. 725657) H2020 WiPLASH (GA No. 863337) H2020 RECIPE (GA No. 801137) CABAHLA (S2018/TCS-4423) RTI2018-093684-B-I00 Yasir Mahmood Qureshi, William Andrew Simon, Marina Zapater, Katzalin Olcoz, and David Atienza. 2021. Gem5-X: A Many-core Heterogeneous Simulation Platform for Architectural Exploration and Optimization. ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim. 18, 4, Article 44 (July 2021), 27 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3461662 open access application/pdf Association for Computing Machinery