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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc De la Rúa, Pilar author Jaffé, Rodolfo author Dall'Olio, Raffaele author Muñoz Gabaldón, Irene author Serrano, José author 2009 Europe harbours several endemic honeybee (Apis mellifera) subspecies. Yet the distribution of these subspecies is nowadays also much influenced by beekeeping activities. Large scale migratory beekeeping and trade in queens, coupled with the promiscuous mating system of honeybees, have exposed native European honeybees to increasing introgressive hybridization with managed non-native subspecies, which may lead to the loss of valuable combinations of traits shaped by natural selection. Other threats to European honeybees are factors that have caused a progressive decline in A. mellifera throughout the world in recent years, leading to large economic losses and jeopardizing ecosystem functioning. We review the biodiversity of European honeybees and summarize the management and conservation strategies employed by different countries. A comprehensive picture of the beekeeping industry in Europe is also provided. Finally we evaluate the potential threats affecting the biodiversity of European honeybee populations and provide some perspectives for future research. De la Rúa, P., Jaffé, R., Dall’Olio, R. et al. Biodiversity, conservation and current threats to European honeybees. Apidologie 40, 263–284 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009027 0044-8435 10.1051/apido/2009027 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/97898 1297-9678 https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009027 Biodiversity, conservation and current threats to European honeybees