Andrades, Diandra deAbellanas, PedroCarballares Navarro, DiegoAlcántara León, Andrés RafaelPolizeli, Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de MoraesRocha Martín, JavierFernandez-Lafuente, Roberto2025-04-232025-04-232024-02-27Andrades, D. de, Abellanas, P., Carballares, D., Alcantara, A. R., Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli, M. de L., Rocha-Martin, J., & Fernandez-Lafuente, R. (2024). Adsorption features of reduced aminated supports modified with glutaraldehyde: Understanding the heterofunctional features of these supports. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, e130403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.1304030141-813010.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130403https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/119650We gratefully recognize the financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spanish Government) (PID2022-136535OB-I00). DC is holding a FPI fellowship. The authors gratefully acknowledge FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation) by research scholarship to DA (Grant No: 2023/01338-7). The help and suggestions from Dr. Ángel Berenguer (Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante) are gratefully recognized.Immobilization of enzymes on aminated supports using the glutaraldehyde chemistry may involve three different interactions, cationic, hydrophobic, and covalent interactions. To try to understand the impact this heterofunctionality, we study the physical adsorption of the beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger, on aminated supports (MANAE) and aminated supports with one (MANAE-GLU) or two molecules of glutaraldehyde (MANAE-GLU-GLU). To eliminate the chemical reactivity of the glutaraldehyde, the supports were reduced using sodium borohydride. After enzyme adsorption, the release of the enzyme from the supports using different NaCl concentrations, Triton X100, ionic detergents (SDS and CTAB), or different temperatures (4 °C to 55 °C) was studied. Using MANAE support, at 0.3 M NaCl almost all the immobilized enzyme was released. Using MANAE-GLU, 0.3 M, and 0.6 M NaCl similar results were obtained. However, incubation at 1 M or 2 M NaCl, many enzyme molecules were not released from the support. For the MANAE-GLU-GLU support, none of the tested concentrations of NaCl was sufficient to release all enzyme bound to the support. Only using high temperatures, 0.6 M NaCl, and 1 % CTAB or SDS, could the totality of the proteins be released from the support. The results shown in this paper confirm the heterofunctional character of aminated supports modified with glutaraldehyde.engAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/journal article1879-0003https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130403open access577.1566.08166.092Heterofunctional supportsMixed adsorptionEnzyme releaseBiología molecular (Biología)Bioquímica (Biología)Ingeniería químicaBiotecnología2403 Bioquímica3302 Tecnología Bioquímica3313 Tecnología E Ingeniería Mecánicas2302.09 Enzimología2304 Química Macromolecular