Palomo Díez, SaraLopes Gomes, Claudia FilipaFondevila, María SoniaEsparza Arroyo, ÁngelLópez Parra, Ana MaríaLareu, María VictoriaArroyo Pardo, EduardoPastor, Juan Francisco2024-06-112024-06-112023-04-20Palomo-Díez S, Gomes C, Fondevila M, Esparza-Arroyo Á, López-Parra A, Lareu M, Arroyo-Pardo E, Pastor J. Genetics Unveil the Genealogical Ancestry and Physical Appearance of an Unknown Historical Figure: Lady Leonor of Castile (Spain) (1256–1275). Genealogy. 2023;7(2):2810.3390/genealogy7020028https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/1048622023 Descuento MDPIThrough this study, it has been possible to establish an accurate prediction of the physical characteristics, biogeographical origin, and genealogical ancestry of a previously obscured historical figure: The Princess Lady Leonor of Castile (1256–1275), one of the legitimate daughters of the Spanish King Alfonso X “The Wise”. The genetic analysis of External Visible Characteristics in the mummified remains attributed to this Princess has allowed determining her origin by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analysis, and her physical appearance for hair, eyes, and skin color by autosomal SNPs. The results show that the mummified remains correspond to a young European woman with black hair, green-hazel eyes, and white skin. Her physical appearance has not been possible to be compared with any pictorial source, but the biogeographical analysis results are consistent with the historiographic genealogical information.engAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/journal article2313-5778https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7020028open access572.9946.02Ancient DNABiogeographical originMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)Alfonso X of Castile “The Wise”External visible characteristics (EVCs)History of Spanish royaltyGenealogyGenética médicaAntropología biológicaHistoria medieval2402.02 Antropogenética3203 Medicina Forense5504.03 Historia Medieval