Merino Martín, José JoaquínCabaña-Muñoz, María EugeniaToledano Gasca, AdolfoGarcimartín Álvarez, AlbaBenedí González, Juana MaríaCamacho-Alonso, FabioParmigiani-Izquierdo, José María2023-06-172023-06-172019-09-022077-038310.3390/jcm8091368https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/12671Titanium is the mean biocompatible metal found in dental titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V). The safety of certain dental biomaterial amalgams has been questioned in patients. The levels of several systemic cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-4: pg/mL) and chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), soluble fractalkine (CX3CL1: pg/mL) were determined using ELISA and compared between these study groups. The study included 30 controls without dental materials (cont), 57 patients with long-term titanium dental implants plus amalgams (A + I group) as well as 55 patients with long-term dental amalgam alone (A group). All patients (except controls) have had dental titanium implants (Ti-6Al-4V) and/or amalgams for at least 10 years (average: 15 years). We evaluated whether systemic levels of cytokines/chemokines, kyn/L-trp ratio and aromatic amino acid levels (HPLC: mM/L, Phe, L-Trp, His, Treo) could be altered in patients with long-term dental titanium and/or amalgams. These systemic markers were evaluated in 142 patients. The A + I group had higher L-Kynurenine/L-Tryptophan ratios than patients with long-term dental amalgam fillings alone (A). In addition, levels of IL-1 Beta cytokine, CX3CL1 and MCP-1 chemokines were higher in the A + I group than in the A group (A). The increased L-kyn/L-trp ratio and MCP-1 and fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) elevations could suggest enhanced chemotactic responses by these chemokines in the A + I group.engAtribución 3.0 Españajournal articlehttps://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091368https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/9/1368open accessamino acidsL-Kyn/L-TrpHiskynurenine pathwaystitanium dental implants and dental amalgam fillingstryptophan (L-Trp)cytokinesIDOchemokinesinflammationchemotaxisCX3CL1 (fractalkine)melatonindentistry and medical toxicologyFarmacología (Farmacia)3209 Farmacología