Romero Martínez, Manuel AlejandroRamos Alonso, EvaLópez-Muñoz, FranciscoGil-Martín, EmilioEscames, GermaineReiter, Russel J2025-05-222025-05-222022-01Romero, A., Ramos, E., López-Muñoz, F., Gil-Martín, E., Escames, G., & Reiter, R. J. (2022). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Its Neuroinvasive Capacity: Is It Time for Melatonin?. Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 42(3), 489–500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-020-00938-80272-434010.1007/s10571-020-00938-8https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/120403Author Contributions Conceptualization, AR; Writing Original Draft Preparation, AR. Writing-Review & Editing, AR, ER, EG-M, FL-M, GE and RJR; Supervision, AR, EG-M and RJR; Funding Acquisition, AR. All authors listed above have approved the fnal version of the manuscript.The world faces an exceptional new public health concern caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), subsequently termed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the clinical symptoms mostly have been characterized, the scientific community still doesn´t know how SARS-CoV-2 successfully reaches and spreads throughout the central nervous system (CNS) inducing brain damage. The recent detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in frontal lobe sections from postmortem examination has confirmed the presence of the virus in neural tissue. This finding reveals a new direction in the search for a neurotherapeutic strategy in the COVID-19 patients with underlying diseases. Here, we discuss the COVID-19 outbreak in a neuroinvasiveness context and suggest the therapeutic use of high doses of melatonin, which may favorably modulate the immune response and neuroinflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, clinical trials elucidating the efficacy of melatonin in the prevention and clinical management in the COVID-19 patients should be actively encouraged.engjournal article1573-6830https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-020-00938-832772307open access61COVID-19Central nervous systemMelatoninNeuroinvasionNeuroprotectionSARS-CoV-2Ciencias Biomédicas32 Ciencias Médicas