Barbeito, InésPrecioso, DanielSierra, María JoséVegas Azcárate, SusanaFernández Balbuena, SoniaVitoriano Villanueva, BegoñaGoméz Ullate, DavidCao, RicardoMonge, Susana2024-09-042024-09-042023Barbeito, I., Precioso, D., Sierra, M. J., Vegas-Azcárate, S., Fernández Balbuena, S., Vitoriano, B., ... & Study Group for Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in Spain. Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in nine fields of activity to decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission (Spain, September 2020–May 2021). Frontiers in Public Health,2023; 11: 1061331.2296-256510.3389/fpubh.2023.1061331https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/107891We estimated the association between the level of restriction in nine different fields of activity and SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility in Spain, from 15 September 2020 to 9 May 2021A stringency index (0–1) was created for each Spanish province daily. A hierarchical multiplicative model was fitted. The median of coefficients across provinces (95% bootstrap confidence intervals) quantified the effect of increasing one standard deviation in the stringency index over the logarithmic return of the weekly percentage variation of the 7-days SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence, lagged 12 days. Overall, increasing restrictions reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission by 22% (RR = 0.78; one-sided 95%CI: 0, 0.82) in 1 week, with highest effects for culture and leisure 14% (0.86; 0, 0.98), social distancing 13% (0.87; 0, 0.95), indoor restaurants 10% (0.90; 0, 0.95) and indoor sports 6% (0.94; 0, 0.98). In a reduced model with seven fields, culture and leisure no longer had a significant effect while ceremonies decreased transmission by 5% (0.95; 0, 0.96). Models was around 70%. Increased restrictions decreased COVID-19 transmission. Limitations include remaining collinearity between fields, and somewhat artificial quantification of qualitative restrictions, so the exact attribution of the effect to specific areas must be done with caution.engAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/journal articleopen accessCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2PandemicNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI)EffectivenessStringency indexLogarithmic returnHierarchical modelsEnfermedades infecciosasInvestigación operativa (Estadística)1207 Investigación Operativa3205.05 Enfermedades Infecciosas