Pamplona, ReinaldJové, MarionaGómez, JoséBarja De Quiroga Losada, Gustavo2025-07-142025-07-142023-05Pamplona, R., Jové, M., Gómez, J., & Barja, G. (2023). Programmed versus non-programmed evolution of aging. What is the evidence? [Review of Programmed versus non-programmed evolution of aging. What is the evidence?]. Experimental Gerontology, 175. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EXGER.2023.1121620531-556510.1016/j.exger.2023.112162https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/122483The authors were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the Autonomous Government of the Community of Madrid, and the Generalitat of Catalonia (2021SGR00990). Mariona Jové is a “Serra Hunter” Fellow.The evolutionary meaning and basic molecular mechanisms involved in the determination of longevity remain an unresolved problem. Currently, different theories are on offer in response to these biological traits and to explain the enormous range of longevities observed in the animal kingdom. These theories may be grouped into those that defend non-programmed aging (non-PA) and those that propose the existence of programmed aging (PA). In the present article we examine many observational and experimental data from both the field and from the laboratory and sound reasoning accumulated in recent decades both compatible and not with PA and non-PA evolutionary theories of aging. These analyses are briefly summarized and discussed. Our conclusion is that most of the data favour programmed aging with a possible contribution of non-PA antagonist pleiotropy in various cases.engAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/journal article1873-6815https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2023.112162https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556523000839?via%3Dihubopen access591.1591.15591.3Rate of agingSignalling pathwaysMetabolic phenotypesEvolutionPro-longevity dietary interventionsAnimal longevityZoologíaFisiología animal (Biología)Genética2401 Biología Animal (Zoología)2401.13 Fisiología Animal2401.08 Genética Animal2401.05 desarrollo Animal