Vizcaya, DavidTirado, Diego F.Cabañas Poveda, AlbertinaSerrano López, Dolores RemediosCalvo Garrido, María Lourdes2026-02-252026-02-252026-01David Vizcaya, Diego F. Tirado, Albertina Cabañas, Dolores R. Serrano, Lourdes Calvo, Preparation of 5-ASA-loaded Eudragit® S100 nanoparticles by emulsion-based methods: Comparison between solvent evaporation and supercritical fluid extraction, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Volume 227, 2026, 106753, ISSN 0896-844610.1016/j.supflu.2025.106753https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/133261Breaking away from the limitations of conventional solvent evaporation (SE), supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions (SFEE) offers a transformative approach to the production of polymeric nanoparticles. In this study, both SFEE and SE were applied to formulate nanoparticles composed of Eudragit® S100 loaded with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), a drug widely used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A comparison was made between the two methods in terms of particle size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, residual solvent content, and morphology. Formulation efforts focused on obtaining a stable emulsion. A mixed organic phase was required: acetone to dissolve the polymer and a second solvent to solubilise the drug, underscoring the formulation challenge. Among the solvents evaluated, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was selected due to its ability to maximise 5-ASA solubility, enhance emulsion stability, and its classification as a low-risk Class 3 solvent. SFEE resulted in larger particle sizes (D50 = 165 nm) and slightly lower encapsulation efficiency (EE = 84 %) compared to SE (D50 = 85 nm, EE = 99 %). Despite the high boiling point of DMSO, SFEE achieved a significant reduction in residual solvent content (< 4 %) versus 21 % in SE particles. Both particles showed similar release profiles, with a rapid release of 5-ASA under acidic conditions despite being formulated with a pH-sensitive polymer. This behaviour was likely attributed to the nanometric size and high surface area of the particles, which favoured rapid drug diffusion.engAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/journal articlehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106753open access66.0620Supercritical fluid extraction of emulsionsSolvent evaporationPolymeric nanoparticlesDrug delivery systemEncapsulationResidual solventRelease profileQuímica23 Química3303 Ingeniería y Tecnología Químicas