Cornetta, G.Touhafi, AbdellahContreras Martínez, JorgeZaragoza, Alberto2026-03-022026-03-022025-12-25Cornetta, G.; Touhafi, A.; Contreras, J.; Zaragoza, A. Multi-Fidelity Surrogate Models for Accelerated Multi-Objective Analog Circuit Design and Optimization. Electronics 2026, 15, 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics1501010510.3390/ELECTRONICS15010105https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/133613This work presents a unified framework for multiobjective analog circuit optimization that combines surrogate modeling, uncertainty-aware evolutionary search, and adaptive high-fidelity verification. The approach integrates ensemble regressors and graph-based surrogate models with a closed-loop multi-fidelity controller that selectively invokes SPICE evaluations based on predictive uncertainty and diversity criteria. The framework includes reproducible caching, metadata tracking, and process- and Dask-based parallelism to reduce redundant simulations and improve throughput. The methodology is evaluated on four CMOS operational-amplifier topologies using NSGA-II, NSGA-III, SPEA2, and MOEA/D under a uniform configuration to ensure fair comparison. Surrogate-Guided Optimization (SGO) replaces approximately 96.5% of SPICE calls with fast model predictions, achieving about a 20× reduction in total simulation time while maintaining close agreement with ground-truth Pareto fronts. Multi-Fidelity Optimization (MFO) further improves robustness through adaptive verification, reducing SPICE usage by roughly 90%. The results show that the proposed workflow provides substantial computational savings with consistent Pareto-front quality across circuit families and algorithms. The framework is modular and extensible, enabling quantitative evaluation of analog circuits with significantly reduced simulation cost.engAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/journal articlehttps://doi.org/10.3390/ELECTRONICS15010105open access53Surrogate modellingMulti-objective optimizationSimulator-in-the-loopNeural networksHyperparameter optimizationAnalog circuit designFísica (Física)22 Física