Conde Valverde, MercedesQuirós Sánchez, AmaraDiez Valero, JuliaMata Castro, NievesGarcía Fernández, AlfredoQuam, RolfCarretero, José MiguelGarcía González, RebecaArsuaga Ferreras, Juan LuisVillaverde Bonilla, Valentín2024-07-122024-07-122024-06-26Conde-Valverde, Mercedes, et al. «The Child Who Lived: Down Syndrome among Neanderthals?» Science Advances, vol. 10, n.o 26, junio de 2024, p. eadn9310. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn931010.1126/sciadv.adn9310https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/106054Caregiving for disabled individuals among Neanderthals has been known for a long time, and there is a debate about the implications of this behavior. Some authors believe that caregiving took place between individuals able to reciprocate the favor, while others argue that caregiving was produced by a feeling of compassion related to other highly adaptive prosocial behaviors. The study of children with severe pathologies is particularly interesting, as children have a very limited possibility to reciprocate the assistance. We present the case of a Neanderthal child who suffered from a congenital pathology of the inner ear, probably debilitating, and associated with Down syndrome. This child would have required care for at least 6 years, likely necessitating other group members to assist the mother in childcareengAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/journal article2375-2548https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn9310https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adn9310open access569.89Paleontología2416.05 Paleontología de Los Vertebrados