San Mauro Martín, IsmaelBlumenfeld Olivares, JavierPérez Arruche, EvaArce Delgado, EsperanzaCiudad Cabañas, María JoséGaricano Vilar, ElenaCollado Yurrita, Luis Rodolfo2023-06-172023-06-172018-04-032079-972110.3390/diseases6020024https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/12565Raised serum cholesterol concentration is a well-established risk factor in cardiovascular disease. In addition, genetic load may have an indirect influence on cardiovascular risk. Plant-based sterol-supplemented foods are recommended to help reduce the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. The objective was to analyse the influence of different polymorphisms in hypercholesterolemia patients following a dietary treatment with plant sterols. A randomised double-blind cross-over controlled clinical trial was carried out in 45 people (25 women). Commercial milk, containing 2.24 g of sterols, was ingested daily during a 3-week period, and then the same amount of skim milk, without sterols, was consumed daily during the 3-week placebo phase. Both phases were separated by a washout period of 2 weeks. At the beginning and end of each phase, blood draws were performed. Genes LIPC C-514T and APOA5 C56G are Ser19Trp carriers and greatly benefit from sterol intake in the diet. LIPC C-514T TT homozygous carriers had lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels than CC homozygote and CT heterozygote carriers after the ingestion of plant sterols (p = 0.001). These two genes also showed statistically significant changes in total cholesterol levels (p = 0.025; p = 0.005), and no significant changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (p = 0.032; p = 0.003), respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed for other genes. Further studies are needed to establish which genotype combinations would be the most protective against hypercholesterolemia.engAtribución 3.0 Españahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/journal articlehttps://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6020024https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/6/2/24open accessgeneticnutrigeneticssterolcholesterollow-density lipoprotein cholesterolcardiovascular diseaseCardiologíaSistema cardiovascular3205.01 Cardiología2411.03 Fisiología Cardiovascular