Fernández Arrabal, José A.Salazar Corral, Juan JoséHoz Montañana, María Rosa deMarco López, Eva MaríaMartín Sánchez, BeatrizFlores Salguero, ElenaGarcía Martín, Elena SalobrarLópez Cuenca, InésBarrios Sabador, VicenteAvilés Trigueros, MarcelinoValiente Soriano, Francisco JavierMiralles de Imperial-Ollero, Juan A.Vidal Sanz, ManuelTriviño Casado, AlbertoRamirez Sebastian, Jose ManuelLópez Gallardo, MeritxellRamírez Sebastián, Ana Isabel2023-06-172023-06-172021-02-191422-006710.3390/ijms22042066https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/7890Received: 26 January 2021 / Revised: 14 February 2021 / Accepted: 17 February 2021 / Published: 19 February 2021. Este artículo pertenece al Nº especial "Retina Degeneration, Neuroprotection and Repair".Signaling mediated by cytokines and chemokines is involved in glaucoma-associated neuroinflammation and in the damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Using multiplexed immunoassay and immunohistochemical techniques in a glaucoma mouse model at different time points after ocular hypertension (OHT), we analyzed (i) the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, BDNF, VEGF, and fractalkine; and (ii) the number of Brn3a+ RGCs. In OHT eyes, there was an upregulation of (i) IFN-γ at days 3, 5, and 15; (ii) IL-4 at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 and IL-10 at days 3 and 5 (coinciding with downregulation of IL1-β at days 1, 5, and 7); (iii) IL-6 at days 1, 3, and 5; (iv) fractalkine and VEGF at day 1; and (v) BDNF at days 1, 3, 7, and 15. In contralateral eyes, there were (i) an upregulation of IL-1β at days 1 and 3 and a downregulation at day 7, coinciding with the downregulation of IL4 at days 3 and 5 and the upregulation at day 7; (ii) an upregulation of IL-6 at days 1, 5, and 7 and a downregulation at 15 days; (iii) an upregulation of IL-10 at days 3 and 7; and (iv) an upregulation of IL-17 at day 15. In OHT eyes, there was a reduction in the Brn3a+ RGCs number at days 3, 5, 7, and 15. OHT changes cytokine levels in both OHT and contralateral eyes at different time points after OHT induction, confirming the immune system involvement in glaucomatous neurodegeneration.engAtribución 3.0 Españajournal articlehttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042066https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/2066open access617.7-007.681611.8.018.24612.842.6:611.843CytokinesBDNFVEGFFractalkineGlaucomaOcular hypertensionMicrogliaRetinal ganglion cells (RGCs)Iba-1Brn3aNeurociencias (Medicina)OftalmologíaBiología celular (Biología)2490 Neurociencias3201.09 Oftalmología2407 Biología Celular