Alba Rubio, ClaudioPalomino, LauraVergara, BeatrizRodríguez-Belvis, Marta VelascoAragón, AlbertoZaghlul, Marianna A. Di CampliJurado Escobar, RubénMartín-Fernández, CarmenVázquez-Gómez, Julio A.González-Vicent, MartaMolina-Angulo, BlancaSánchez-Llorente, PaulaGarcía-Hernández, PalomaRodríguez Gómez, Juan MiguelMuñoz-Codoceo, Rosa A.Herranz Sorribes, Carmen2026-03-262026-03-262026Alba, C., Palomino, L., Vergara, B., Rodríguez-Belvis, M. V., Aragón, A., Zaghlul, M. A. D. C., Jurado, R., Martín-Fernández, C., Vázquez-Gómez, J. A., González-Vicent, M., Molina-Angulo, B., Sánchez-Llorente, P., García-Hernández, P., Rodríguez, J. M., Muñoz-Codoceo, R. A., & Herranz, C. (2026). Metataxonomic Analysis and Fatty Acid Profiling of Feces from Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. International journal of molecular sciences, 27(5), 2331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms270523311661-659610.3390/ijms27052331https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/134354Author Contributions Conceptualization, L.P., J.M.R. and R.A.M.-C.; methodology, L.P., B.V., M.A.D.C.Z., M.V.R.-B., C.M.-F., J.A.V.-G., M.G.-V., B.M.-A., P.S.-L., P.G.-H.; software, C.A.; validation, C.A., L.P., B.V., J.M.R., R.A.M.-C. and C.H.; formal analysis, C.A., L.P., B.V., J.M.R. and C.H.; investigation, C.A., A.A., R.J., C.H.; resources, L.P., J.M.R. and R.A.M.-C.; data curation, C.A. and C.H.; writing—original draft preparation, C.A., J.M.R., and C.H.; writing—review and editing, C.A., L.P., B.V., J.M.R., R.A.M.-C. and C.H.; visualization, C.A.; supervision, L.P., B.V., J.M.R. and R.A.M.-C.; project administration, L.P., J.M.R. and R.A.M.-C.; funding acquisition, L.P., J.M.R. and R.A.M.-C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscriptAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a medical procedure to treat hematologic malignancies and restore bone marrow function. However, this approach may lead to graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a major cause of mortality and morbidity after allogeneic HSCT. Some studies have suggested the involvement of gut microbiota in the development and prognosis of GvHD. In this context, the main objective of this study was to compare the fecal microbiome composition and short-chain profile of pediatric patients who underwent successful HSCT, developed GvHD or died. The bacterial composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were quantified by gas chromatography. Fecal samples at engraftment were mainly characterized by a loss of bacterial diversity, a depletion of sequences belonging to the genus Blautia and significantly lower concentrations of fecal butyrate and acetate compared with those obtained before HSCT and 100 days after HSCT. Our findings confirm that children experiencing GvHD after HSCT have distinct gut microbiota and SCFA profiles, which might contribute to developing new microbiota-targeted strategies for GvHD prevention during HSCT proceduresengAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/journal article1422-0067https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms2705233141828553https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41828553/open access663/665BlautiaAcetateButyrateFecesHematopoietic stem cell transplantationMicrobiomeMicrobiotaShort-chain fatty acidsTecnología de los alimentos3309 Tecnología de Los Alimentos