Periáñez Morales, José AntonioPeriáñez Morales, José AntonioLubrini, G.García-Gutiérrez, A.Ríos-Lago. M.2024-01-112024-01-112021-02-01Sánchez-Cubillo , I. , Pariáñez , J. A. , Adrover-Roig , D. , Rodríguez-Sánchez , J. M. , Ríos-Lago , M. , Tirapu , J. et al. (2009 ). Construct validity of the Trail Making Test: Role of task-switching, working memory, inhibition/interference control, and visuomotor abilities . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 15 , 438 –450 .ISSN 1873-5843doi:10.1093/arclin/acaa034https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/92464Objective: 85 years after the description of the Stroop interference effect, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the cognitive constructs underlying scores from standardized versions of the test. The present work aimed to clarify the cognitive mechanisms underlying direct (word-reading, color-naming, and color-word) and derived scores (interference, difference, ratio, and relative scores) from Golden’s standardized version of the test. Method: After a comprehensive review of the literature, five cognitive processes were selected for analysis: speed of visual search, phonemic verbal fluency, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and conflict monitoring. These constructs were operationalized by scoring five cognitive tasks (WAIS-IV Digit Symbol, phonemic verbal fluency [letter A], WAIS-IV Digit Span, TMT B-A, and reaction times to the incongruent condition of a computerized Stroop task, respectively). About 83 healthy individuals (mean age = 25.2 years) participated in the study. Correlation and regression analyses were used to clarify the contribution of the five cognitive processes on the prediction of Stroop scores. Results: Data analyses revealed that Stroop word-reading reflected speed of visual search. Stroop color-naming reflected working memory and speed of visual search. Stroop color-word reflected working memory, conflict monitoring, and speed of visual search. Whereas the interference score was predicted by both conflict monitoring and working memory, the ratio score (color-word divided by color-naming) was predicted by conflict monitoring alone. Conclusion: The present results will help neuropsychologists to interpret altered patient scores in terms of a failure of the cognitive mechanisms detailed here, benefitting from the solid background of preceding experimental work.engAttribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/journal articlehttps://academic.oup.com/acnURL DE LA REVISTA: https://academic.oup.com/acnhttps://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_modelopen accessAssessment; Attention; Executive functions; Test constructionHumanidades61 Psicología6106 Psicología Experimental