Salazar Corral, Juan JoséRamírez Sebastián, Ana IsabelHoz Montañana, María Rosa DeGarcía Martín, Elena SalobrarRojas Lozano, María Del PilarFernández Arrabal, José A.López Cuenca, InésRojas López, María BlancaTriviño Casado, AlbertoRamírez Sebastián, José ManuelFerreri, Felicia M.2023-06-172023-06-172018-11Salazar Corral, J. J., Ramírez Sebastián, A. I., Hoz Montañana, M. R. et al. «Anatomy of the Human Optic Nerve: Structure and Function». Optic Nerve, editado por Felicia M. Ferreri, IntechOpen, 2019. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79827.10.5772/intechopen.79827https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/13983The optic nerve (ON) is constituted by the axons of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). These axons are distributed in an organized pattern from the soma of the RGC to the lateral geniculated nucleus (where most of the neurons synapse). The key points of the ON are the optic nerve head and chiasm. This chapter will include a detailed and updated review of the ON different parts: RGC axons, glial cells, connective tissue of the lamina cribrosa and the septum and the blood vessels derivate from the central retina artery and from the ciliary system. There will be an up-to-date description about the superficial nerve fibre layer, including their organization, and about prelaminar, laminar and retrolaminar regions, emphasizing the axoplasmic flow, glial barriers, biomechanics of the lamina cribrosa and the role of the macro- and microglia in their working.engAtribución 3.0 Españahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/book parthttps//doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79827https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/anatomy-of-the-human-optic-nerve-structure-and-functionopen access611.843612.843611.8.018.84Optic nerveLamina cribosaPrelaminar regionRetrolaminar regionVascularizationGlioarchitectureBlood barrierAnatomíaFisiologíaNeurociencias (Medicina)Anatomía ocularÓptica fisiológica2410.02 Anatomía Humana2411 Fisiología Humana2490 Neurociencias