Mejia-Chew, C.Muñoz García, Patricia CarmenLópez Medrano, Francisco2026-01-262026-01-262023-02-01Mejia-Chew C, Carver PL, Rutjanawech S, Aranha Camargo LF, Fernandes R, Belga S, et al. Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria infections in solid organ transplant recipients: a multinational case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76(3):e995–e1003. doi:10.1093/cid/ciac608.1537-659110.1093/cid/ciac608https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/130922Background: Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections after solid organ transplant (SOT) are not well characterized. Here we aimed to describe these factors. Methods: Retrospective, multinational, 1:2 matched case-control study that included SOT recipients ≥12 years old diagnosed with NTM infection from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018. Controls were matched on transplanted organ, NTM treatment center, and post-transplant survival greater than or equal to the time to NTM diagnosis. Logistic regression on matched pairs was used to assess associations between risk factors and NTM infections. Results: Analyses included 85 cases and 169 controls (59% male, 88% White, median age at time of SOT of 54 years [interquartile range {IQR} 40-62]). NTM infection occurred in kidney (42%), lung (35%), heart and liver (11% each), and pancreas transplant recipients (1%). Median time from transplant to infection was 21.6 months (IQR 5.3-55.2). Most underlying comorbidities were evenly distributed between groups; however, cases were older at the time of NTM diagnosis, more frequently on systemic corticosteroids and had a lower lymphocyte count (all P < .05). In the multivariable model, older age at transplant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04; 95 confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.07), hospital admission within 90 days (aOR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.41-6.98), receipt of antifungals (aOR, 5.35; 95% CI, 1.7-16.91), and lymphocyte-specific antibodies (aOR, 7.73; 95% CI, 1.07-56.14), were associated with NTM infection. Conclusions: Risk of NTM infection in SOT recipients was associated with older age at SOT, prior hospital admission, receipt of antifungals or lymphocyte-specific antibodies. NTM infection should be considered in SOT patients with these risk factors.engjournal articlehttps://doi.org/10.1093/CID/CIAC608https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/76/3/e995/6649860?login=falserestricted accessNTMRisk factorsSolid organ transplantSolid organ transplantEnfermedades infecciosasInmunología3205.05 Enfermedades Infecciosas2412 Inmunología