López-Centeno, BeatrizBadenes-Olmedo, CarlosMataix-Sanjuan, ÁngelMcAllister, KatieBellón, José MGibbons, SaraBalsalobre, PascualPérez-Latorre, LeireBenedí González, Juana MaríaMarzolini, CatiaAranguren-Oyarzábal, AinhoaKhoo, SayeCalvo-Alcántara,, María JBerenguer, Juan2024-01-152024-01-152019-08-20López-Centeno B, Badenes-Olmedo C Mataix-Sanjuan Á, McAllister K, Bellón JM, Gibbons S, Balsalobre P, Pérez-Latorre L, Benedí J, Marzolini C, Aranguren-Oyarzábal A, Khoo S, Calvo-Alcántara MJ, Berenguer J. Polypharmacy and Drug-Drug Interactions in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Region of Madrid, Spain: A Population-Based Study. linical Infectious Diseases, 2020 uly 15; 71(2): 353–62.1058-483810.1093/cid/ciz811https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/93089Background Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) that involve antiretrovirals (ARVs) tend to cause harm if unrecognized, especially in the context of comorbidity and polypharmacy. Methods A linkage was established between the drug dispensing registry of Madrid and the Liverpool human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DDI database (January 2017-June 2017). Polypharmacy was defined as the use of ≥5 non-HIV medications, and DDIs were classified by a traffic-light ranking for severity. Results A total of 22 945 people living with HIV (PLWH) and 6 613 506 individuals without HIV had received medications. ARV regimens were predominantly based on integrase inhibitors (51.96%). Polypharmacy was higher in PLWH (32.94%) than individuals without HIV (22.16%; P < .001); this difference was consistently observed across all age strata except for individuals ≥75 years. Polypharmacy was more common in women than men in both PLWH and individuals without HIV. The prevalence of contraindicated combinations involving ARVs was 3.18%. Comedications containing corticosteroids, quetiapine, or antithrombotic agents were associated with the highest risk for red-flag DDI, and the use of raltegravir- or dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.72 (95% confidence interval, .60-.88; P = .001) for red-flag DDI. Conclusions Polypharmacy was more frequent among PLWH across all age groups except those aged ≥75 years and was more common in women. The detection of contraindicated medications in PLWH suggests a likely disconnect between hospital and community prescriptions. Switching to alternative unboosted integrase regimens should be considered for patients with risk of harm from DDIs.engAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/journal article1537-6591https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz811open access61615.015.4HIVPolypharmacyDrug–drug interactionsAntiretroviral drugsPopulation studyCiencias Biomédicas32 Ciencias Médicas