Loot, CelineParissi, VincentNivina, AleksandraBouchier, ChristianeMazel, DidierEscudero García-Calderón, José Antonio2024-02-082024-02-082016-03-1010.1038/ncomms10937https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/100444Contributions J.A.E., C.L. and D.M. designed the experiments. J.A.E., C.L., V.P. and A.N. performed the experiments. J.A.E. and C.B. produced and analysed the deep-sequencing data. J.A.E. and D.M. wrote the paper.Tyrosine (Y)-recombinases have evolved to deliver mechanistically different reactions on a variety of substrates, but these evolutionary transitions are poorly understood. Among them, integron integrases are hybrid systems recombining single- and double-stranded DNA partners. These reactions are asymmetric and need a replicative resolution pathway, an exception to the canonical second strand exchange model of Y-recombinases. Integron integrases possess a specific domain for this specialized pathway. Here we show that despite this, integrases are still capable of efficiently operating the ancestral second strand exchange in symmetrical reactions between double-stranded substrates. During these reactions, both strands are reactive and Holliday junction resolution can follow either pathway. A novel deep-sequencing approach allows mapping of the crossover point for the second strand exchange. The persistence of the ancestral activity in integrases illustrates their robustness and shows that innovation towards new recombination substrates and resolution pathways was a smooth evolutionary process.engAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/journal article2041-1723https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms1093726961432open access636.09Veterinaria3109 Ciencias Veterinarias