Gender differences in incidence and in-hospital outcomes of community-acquired, ventilator-associated and nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia in Spain

López De Andrés, Ana IsabelAlbaladejo Vicente, RomanaMiguel Díez, Javier DeHernández Barrera, ValentínZichen, JiZamorano León, José JavierLópez Herrán, MartaCarabantes Alarcón, DavidJiménez García, Rodrigo2024-02-162024-02-162020López-de-Andrés A, Albaladejo-Vicente R, de Miguel-Diez J, Hernández-Barrera V, Ji Z, Zamorano-León JJ, Lopez-Herranz M, Carabantes Alarcon D, Jimenez-Garcia R. Gender differences in incidence and in-hospital outcomes of community-acquired, ventilator-associated and nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia in Spain. Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Mar;75(3):e13762. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.137622374-423510.1111/ijcp.13762https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/101515Aims: We aim to compare the incidence and in-hospital outcomes of communityacquired pneumonia (CAP), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) according to gender. Methods: This was a retrospective observational epidemiological study using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database for the years 2016 and 2017. Results: Of 277 785 hospital admissions, CAP was identified in 257 455 (41.04% females), VAP was identified in 3261 (30.42% females) and NV-HAP was identified in 17 069 (36.58% females). The incidence of all types of pneumonia was higher amongst males (CAP: incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06; VAP: IRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.26-1.46; and NV-HAP: IRR 1.16, 95% CI 1.14-1.18). The crude in-hospital mortality (IHM) rate for CAP was 11.44% in females and 11.80% in males (P = .005); for VAP IHM, the rate was approximately 35% in patients of both genders and for NV-HAP IHM, the rate was 23.97% for females and 26.40% for males (P < .001). After multivariable adjustment, in patients of both genders, older age and comorbidities were factors associated with IHM in the three types of pneumonia analysed. Female gender was a risk factor for IHM after VAP (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.06-1.44), and no gender differences were found for CAP or NV-HAP. Conclusions: Our findings show a difference between females and males, with females presenting a lower incidence of all types of pneumonia. However, female gender was a risk factor for IHM after VAP.engGender differences in incidence and in-hospital outcomes of community-acquired, ventilator-associated and nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia in Spainjournal article2374-4243wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ijcp33068052https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33068052/restricted access616.24-002Ciencias Biomédicas32 Ciencias Médicas