Martín Cruz, BeatrizRial Berriel, CristianAcosta Dacal, AndreaCarromeu Santos, AnaSimbaña Rivera, KatherineGabriel, Sofia I.Pastor Tiburón, NataliaGonzález González, FernandoFernández Valeriano, RocíoHenríquez Hernández, Luis AlbertoZumbado Peña, ManuelLuzardo, Octavio P.2024-10-242024-10-242024Martín Cruz, B., Rial Berriel, C., Acosta Dacal, A., Carromeu-Santos, A., Simbaña-Rivera, K., Gabriel, S. I., Pastor Tiburón, N., González González, F., Fernández Valeriano, R., Henríquez-Hernández, L. A., Zumbado-Peña, M., & Luzardo, O. P. (2024). Differential exposure to second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides in raptors from continental and insular regions of the Iberian Peninsula. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 362, 125034. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.1250340269-749110.1016/j.envpol.2024.125034https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/109429Beca Doctoral PIFULPGC-2020-CCSALUD-1 para Beatriz Martín Cruz Beca Post-Doctoral para Cristian Rial-Berriel (APCR2022010002) y Andrea Acosta-Dacal (APCR2022010003) Beca Doctoral PD/BD/150550/2019 para Ana Carromeu-Santos UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020 Sofia I. GabrielThe global impact of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) on non-target species is well-recognized. Birds of prey, as apex predators, are highly vulnerable to AR exposure and are widely used as biomonitors for priority pollutants in Europe. This study investigates differential SGAR exposure in raptors from insular versus continental regions, hypothesizing greater exposure in insular areas due to ecological factors like reduced prey diversity, intensive rodenticide use, and resistant rodent populations. We analyzed the livers of 190 common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) and 104 common buzzards (Buteo buteo) across the Iberian Peninsula and its archipelagos using LC-MS/MS to assess their role as AR sentinels and the differences between insular and continental areas. Results revealed a high prevalence (>80%) of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs), with brodifacoum and bromadiolone, being the most frequent. Multiple SGAR detections were also common (≈50%). A binomial logistic regression showed that species and region significantly influence the likelihood of SGAR exposure. Kestrels had a greater probability of exceeding 100 ng/g wet weight (ww) compared to buzzards. Raptors from insular territories were ten times more likely to have higher SGAR concentrations than those from continental areas. However, the legal restriction on SGAR bait concentrations that came into effect in 2018 did not significantly impact exposure levels. This study highlights the need for targeted conservation efforts to mitigate AR exposure risk in vulnerable island ecosystems.engAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/journal article1873-6424https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.12503439341407open access636.6Veterinaria3109 Ciencias Veterinarias