Nirmalraj, PeterThompson, DamienMolina Ontoria, AgustínSousa, MarilyneMartín, NazarioGotsmann, BerndRiel, Heike2023-06-192023-06-192014-081476-1122, EISSN: 1476-466010.1038/NMAT4060https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/35135Evaluating the built-in functionality of nanomaterials under practical conditions is central for their proposed integration as active components in next-generation electronics. Low-dimensional materials from single atoms to molecules have been consistently resolved and manipulated under ultrahigh vacuum at low temperatures. At room temperature, atomic-scale imaging has also been performed by probing materials at the solid/liquid interface. We exploit this electrical interface to develop a robust electronic decoupling platform that provides precise information on molecular energy levels recorded using in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy with high spatial and energy resolution in a high-density liquid environment. Our experimental findings, supported by ab initio electronic structure calculations and atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulations, reveal direct mapping of single-molecule structure and resonance states at the solid/liquid interface.We further extend this approach to resolve the electronic structure of graphene monolayers at atomic length scales under standard room-temperature operating conditions.engjournal articlehttp://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v13/n10/full/nmat4060.htmlopen access547AtomsCalculationsElectronic structureGrapheneInterfaces (materials)Molecular dynamicsMoleculesScanning tunneling microscopyVacuum applicationsQuímica orgánica (Química)2306 Química Orgánica