Sanz González, Silvia MaríaGarcía Medina, José JavierZanón Moreno, VicenteLópez Gálvez, María IsabelGalarreta Mira, DavidDuarte, LilianneValero Velló, MarRamírez Sebastián, Ana IsabelArévalo, J. FernandoPinazo Durán, María Dolores2023-06-172023-06-172020ESSN 2076-392110.3390/antiox9111101https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/7528Received: 6 September 2020 / Revised: 29 October 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 / Published: 9 November 2020 This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases: Focus on Redox Status Assessment in Biological Fluids, Tissues and CellsReactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and ROS-signaling pathways activation attack the eyes. We evaluated the oxidative stress (OS) and the effects of a daily, core nutritional supplement regimen containing antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids (A/ω3) in type 2 diabetics (T2DM). A case-control study was carried out in 480 participants [287 T2DM patients with (+)/without (−) diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 193 healthy controls (CG)], randomly assigned to a daily pill of A/ω3. Periodic evaluation through 38 months allowed to outline patient characteristics, DR features, and classic/OS blood parameters. Statistics were performed by the SPSS 24.0 program. Diabetics displayed significantly higher circulating pro-oxidants (p = 0.001) and lower antioxidants (p = 0.0001) than the controls. Significantly higher plasma malondialdehyde/thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA/TBARS; p = 0.006) and lower plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC; p = 0.042) and vitamin C (0.020) was found in T2DM + DR versus T2DM-DR. The differential expression profile of solute carrier family 23 member 2 (SLC23A2) gene was seen in diabetics versus the CG (p = 0.001), and in T2DM + DR versus T2DM − DR (p < 0.05). The A/ω3 regime significantly reduced the pro-oxidants (p < 0.05) and augmented the antioxidants (p < 0.05). This follow-up study supports that a regular A/ω3 supplementation reduces the oxidative load and may serve as a dietary prophylaxis/adjunctive intervention for patients at risk of diabetic blindness.engAtribución 3.0 Españahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/journal articlehttps://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111101https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/11/1101#open access617.735-008.64543.635.3616.379‑008.64type 2 diabetes mellitusretinopathyoxidative stressAntioxidantsOmega-3 fatty acidsCandidate biomarkersPrevention of blindnessDietética y nutrición (Medicina)OftalmologíaAnatomía ocular3206 Ciencias de la Nutrición3201.09 Oftalmología