Pérez Granados, CristianBenítez López, AnaDíaz Esteban, MarioGameiro, JoãoLenzner, BerndRoura Pascual, NúriaGómez Catasús, JuliaTarjuelo, RocíoBarrero, AdriánBolonio, LuisBota, GerardBrambilla, MattiaBravo, CarolinaBrotons, Lluísla Rosa, Daniel Bustillo deCabodevilla, XabierBúrdalo, Antonio CalvoCarricondo, AnaCasas, FabiánConcepción Cuevas, Elena DanielaConstán Nava, SorayaCrispim Mendes, TiagoGiralt, DavidGolivets, MarinaLatombe, GuillaumeLeiva, AntonioLópez Iborra, Germán M.López Poveda, GabrielMañosa, SantiMartín De La Calle, Carlos AlfonsoMorales, Manuel B.Moreira, FranciscoMougeot, FrancoisNikolov, BorisOlea, Pedro P.Onrubia, AlejandroReverter, MargaritaRevilla Martín, NataliaRigal, StanislasJiménez, Gema RuizSáez Gómez, PedroŠálek, MartinSalgado, IvánSantangeli, AndreaSantos, CarlosSanz Pérez, AnaSerrano, DavidSilva, João PauloTorrijo, AntonioTraba, JuanTryjanowski, PiotrVáclav, RadovanValera, FranciscoVögeli, MatthiasZurdo, JuliaMarques, Ana T.2025-05-192025-05-192025-01-24Pérez-Granados, C., Benítez-López, A., Díaz, M., Gameiro, J., Lenzner, B., Roura-Pascual, N., Gómez-Catasús, J., Tarjuelo, R., Barrero, A., Bolonio, L., Bota, G., Brambilla, M., Bravo, C., Brotons, L., la Rosa, D. B.-d., Cabodevilla, X., Búrdalo, A. C., Carricondo, A., Casas, F., et al. (2025). Key conservation actions for European steppes in the context of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. Sustainability Science, 20(2), 499-509. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11625-024-01602-61862-406510.1007/s11625-024-01602-6https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/120176Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM–GBF) envisions a world living in harmony with nature by 2050, with 23 intermediate targets to be achieved by 2030. However, aligning international policy and national and local implementation of effective actions can be challenging. Using steppe birds, one of the most threatened vertebrate groups in Europe, as a model system, we identified 36 conservation actions for the achievement of the KM–GBF targets and we singled out—through an expert-based consensus approach—ten priority actions for immediate implementation. Three of these priority actions address at least five of the first eight KM–GBF targets, those related to the direct causes of biodiversity loss, and collectively cover all the targets when implemented concurrently. These actions include (i) effectively protecting priority areas, (ii) implementing on-the-ground habitat management actions, and (iii) improving the quality and integration of monitoring programmes. Our findings provide a blueprint for implementing effective strategies to halt biodiversity loss in steppe-like ecosystems. Our approach can be adapted to other taxonomic groups and ecosystems and has the potential to serve as a catalyst for policy-makers, prompting a transition from political commitment to tangible actions, thereby facilitating the attainment of the KM–GBF targets by 2030.engAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/journal article1862-4057https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-024-01602-6https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11625-024-01602-6open access574.3598.2911.5(251.1)502.171Biodiversity targetsConservation policyKunming–MontrealSteppe birdsConsensus participatory approachEcología (Biología)ZoologíaAvesMedio ambiente natural2401.06 Ecología Animal2417.13 Ecología Vegetal2401 Biología Animal (Zoología)2401.20 Ornitología